Darolutamide and Survival in Metastatic, Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Aged Aged, 80 and over Androgen Antagonists / therapeutic use Androgen Receptor Antagonists / adverse effects Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects Docetaxel / adverse effects Drug Therapy, Combination Humans Kaplan-Meier Estimate Male Middle Aged Neoplasm Metastasis / drug therapy Neutropenia / chemically induced Proportional Hazards Models Prostatic Neoplasms / drug therapy Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Pyrazoles / adverse effects

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
24 03 2022
Historique:
pubmed: 19 2 2022
medline: 31 3 2022
entrez: 18 2 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Darolutamide is a potent androgen-receptor inhibitor that has been associated with increased overall survival among patients with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Whether a combination of darolutamide, androgen-deprivation therapy, and docetaxel would increase survival among patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is unknown. In this international, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in a 1:1 ratio to receive darolutamide (at a dose of 600 mg [two 300-mg tablets] twice daily) or matching placebo, both in combination with androgen-deprivation therapy and docetaxel. The primary end point was overall survival. The primary analysis involved 1306 patients (651 in the darolutamide group and 655 in the placebo group); 86.1% of the patients had disease that was metastatic at the time of the initial diagnosis. At the data cutoff date for the primary analysis (October 25, 2021), the risk of death was significantly lower, by 32.5%, in the darolutamide group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.80; P<0.001). Darolutamide was also associated with consistent benefits with respect to the secondary end points and prespecified subgroups. Adverse events were similar in the two groups, and the incidences of the most common adverse events (occurring in ≥10% of the patients) were highest during the overlapping docetaxel treatment period in both groups. The frequency of grade 3 or 4 adverse events was 66.1% in the darolutamide group and 63.5% in the placebo group; neutropenia was the most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event (in 33.7% and 34.2%, respectively). In this trial involving patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, overall survival was significantly longer with the combination of darolutamide, androgen-deprivation therapy, and docetaxel than with placebo plus androgen-deprivation therapy and docetaxel, and the addition of darolutamide led to improvement in key secondary end points. The frequency of adverse events was similar in the two groups. (Funded by Bayer and Orion Pharma; ARASENS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02799602.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Darolutamide is a potent androgen-receptor inhibitor that has been associated with increased overall survival among patients with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Whether a combination of darolutamide, androgen-deprivation therapy, and docetaxel would increase survival among patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is unknown.
METHODS
In this international, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in a 1:1 ratio to receive darolutamide (at a dose of 600 mg [two 300-mg tablets] twice daily) or matching placebo, both in combination with androgen-deprivation therapy and docetaxel. The primary end point was overall survival.
RESULTS
The primary analysis involved 1306 patients (651 in the darolutamide group and 655 in the placebo group); 86.1% of the patients had disease that was metastatic at the time of the initial diagnosis. At the data cutoff date for the primary analysis (October 25, 2021), the risk of death was significantly lower, by 32.5%, in the darolutamide group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.80; P<0.001). Darolutamide was also associated with consistent benefits with respect to the secondary end points and prespecified subgroups. Adverse events were similar in the two groups, and the incidences of the most common adverse events (occurring in ≥10% of the patients) were highest during the overlapping docetaxel treatment period in both groups. The frequency of grade 3 or 4 adverse events was 66.1% in the darolutamide group and 63.5% in the placebo group; neutropenia was the most common grade 3 or 4 adverse event (in 33.7% and 34.2%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
In this trial involving patients with metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, overall survival was significantly longer with the combination of darolutamide, androgen-deprivation therapy, and docetaxel than with placebo plus androgen-deprivation therapy and docetaxel, and the addition of darolutamide led to improvement in key secondary end points. The frequency of adverse events was similar in the two groups. (Funded by Bayer and Orion Pharma; ARASENS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02799602.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2119115 PMID: 35179323 PMC: PMC9844551
pubmed: 35179323
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2119115
pmc: PMC9844551
mid: NIHMS1858884
doi:

Substances chimiques

Androgen Antagonists 0
Androgen Receptor Antagonists 0
Antineoplastic Agents 0
Pyrazoles 0
darolutamide 0
Docetaxel 15H5577CQD

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT02799602']

Types de publication

Clinical Trial, Phase III Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1132-1142

Subventions

Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : P30 CA006973
Pays : United States

Investigateurs

Anthony Dowling (A)
Elizabeth Hovey (E)
Anthony Joshua (A)
Francis Parnis (F)
Thean Hsiang Tan (TH)
Luc Dirix (L)
Nicolaas Lumen (N)
Thierry Roumeguere (T)
Spyridon Sideris (S)
Bertrand Tombal (B)
Vincent Vanhaudenarde (V)
Vincent Verschaeve (V)
Sabina Aleixo (S)
Carlos José Coelho Andrade (CJ)
Felipe Cruz (F)
Breno Silva (B)
Andrea Gomes (A)
Murilo Luz (M)
Suelen Martins (S)
Monica Padoan (M)
Rodrigo Pereira (R)
Blaga Baeva-Rabotilova (B)
Borislav Dimitrov (B)
Nikolay Kolev (N)
Krasimir Koynov (K)
Vasil Popov (V)
Bozhil Robev (B)
Tsvetanka Tosheva (T)
Nimira Alimohamed (N)
Urban Emmenegger (U)
Robert Hamilton (R)
Michael Kolinsky (M)
Fred Saad (F)
Kejia Ding (K)
Chuanjun Du (C)
Cheng Fu (C)
Zhenli Gao (Z)
Hongqian Guo (H)
Jianming Guo (J)
Jun Guo (J)
Weiqing Han (W)
Chaohong He (C)
Dalin He (D)
Chuize Kong (C)
Liming Li (L)
Wei Li (W)
Youyuan Li (Y)
Junhao Liang (J)
Tianxin Lin (T)
Hong Luo (H)
Lulin Ma (L)
Benkang Shi (B)
Ting Sun (T)
Zhongquan Sun (Z)
Ye Tian (Y)
Ben Wan (B)
Chunxi Wang (C)
Shaogang Wang (S)
Zhiliang Weng (Z)
Shujie Xia (S)
Jun Xiao (J)
Jinchun Xing (J)
Yong Yang (Y)
Xin Yao (X)
Xudong Yao (X)
Dingwei Ye (D)
Dahong Zhang (D)
Liqun Zhou (L)
Qing Zou (Q)
Otakar Capoun (O)
Jan Dvorak (J)
Petra Holeckova (P)
Ladislav Jarolim (L)
Jana Katolicka (J)
Radek Lakomy (R)
Michaela Matouskova (M)
Paivi Auvinen (P)
Heikki Hakkarainen (H)
Niilo Hendolin (N)
Marjaana Luukkaa (M)
Hanna Ronkainen (H)
Teuvo Tammela (T)
Tapio Utriainen (T)
Sophie Abadie-Lacourtoisie (S)
Xavier Artignan (X)
Philippe Barthelemy (P)
Patrick Bouchaert (P)
Fabien Brocard (F)
Patrick Coloby (P)
Jean-Christophe Eymard (JC)
Karim Fizazi (K)
Gwenaelle Gravis (G)
Ali Hasbini (A)
Hakim Mahammedi (H)
Denis Maillet (D)
Guilhem Roubaud (G)
Antoine Thiery-Vuillemin (A)
Diego Tosi (D)
Christophe Tournigand (C)
Martin Bögemann (M)
Susan Feyerabend (S)
Marc-Oliver Grimm (MO)
Peter Hammerer (P)
Andreas Hubner (A)
Frank Kunath (F)
Martin Schostak (M)
Wolfgang Schultze-Seemann (W)
Ursula Steiner (U)
Arnulf Stenzl (A)
Friedemann Zengerling (F)
Ronen Brenner (R)
Stephen Frank (S)
Raya Leibowitz-Amit (R)
Safadi Moatz (S)
Avivit Pe'er (A)
Eli Rosenbaum (E)
Keren Rouvinov (K)
David Sarid (D)
Umberto Basso (U)
Orazio Caffo (O)
Fabio Calabrò (F)
Carlo Cattrini (C)
Donatello Gasparro (D)
Francesco Massari (F)
Michele Milella (M)
Franco Nolè (F)
Giorgio Vittorio Scagliotti (GV)
Koichiro Akakura (K)
Satoshi Anai (S)
Satoshi Ando (S)
Kohei Edamura (K)
Satoshi Fukasawa (S)
Junya Furukawa (J)
Isao Hara (I)
Toru Harabayashi (T)
Yasuhiro Hashimoto (Y)
Katsuyoshi Hashine (K)
Yukiyoshi Hirayama (Y)
Tomohiko Ichikawa (T)
Takahiro Inoue (T)
Hiroomi Kanayama (H)
Masashi Kato (M)
Naoki Kawamorita (N)
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Yu Nakamura (Y)
Hiroomi Nakatsu (H)
Kazuo Nishimura (K)
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Hiroyoshi Suzuki (H)
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Atsushi Takenaka (A)
Naoki Terada (N)
Toyofusa Tobe (T)
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Hirotsugu Uemura (H)
Motohide Uemura (M)
Junji Yonese (J)
Luis Duarte (L)
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Richardo Villalobos Valencia (R)
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Adriaan Bins (A)
Annet Coumou (A)
Ilse Houtenbos (I)
Daniel Houtsma (D)
Pieter van den Berg (P)
Franchette Van den Berkmortel (F)
Joan Van Den Bosch (J)
Agnieszka Chaładaj-Kujawska (A)
Ewa Kalinka (E)
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Cheol Kwak (C)
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Hyun Moo Lee (HM)
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Sangchul Lee (S)
Seung Wook Lee (SW)
Teresa Alonso Gordoa (TA)
Pablo Borrega Garcia (P)
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Daniel Ernesto Castellano Gauna (DE)
Enrique Gallardo Diaz (E)
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Maria Jose Juan Fita (MJ)
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Maria Mendez Vidal (M)
Alvaro Montesa Pino (A)
Maria Jose Ribal Caparros (MJ)
Alejo Rodriguez-Vida (A)
Sergio Vazquez Estevez (S)
Enrique Castellanos (E)
Jan-Erik Damber (JE)
Anna Laurell (A)
Olof Stahl (O)
Camilla Thellenberg Karlsson (C)
Chung Hsin Chen (CH)
Shu-Pin Huang (SP)
Yi-Hsiu Huang (YH)
See-Tong Pang (ST)
Hsi-Chin Wu (HC)
Robert Jones (R)
Vincent Khoo (V)
Stephen Mangar (S)
Ursula McGovern (U)
Dakshinamoorthy Muthukumar (D)
Joseph O'Sullivan (J)
Saad Tahir (S)
Hans van der Voet (H)
Robert Alter (R)
Jeanny Aragon-Ching (J)
Jose Avitia (J)
Hani Babiker (H)
Madhuri Bajaj (M)
Charles Bane (C)
Laurence Belkoff (L)
Mehmet Bilen (M)
Rhonda Bitting (R)
Patrick Cobb (P)
James Cochran (J)
Michael Cookson (M)
Long Dang (L)
Sergey Devitskiy (S)
Tanya Dorff (T)
Robert Dreicer (R)
Stephen Dyar (S)
Benjamin Gartrell (B)
Edward Gelmann (E)
Saby George (S)
Evan Goldfischer (E)
Sherronda Henderson (S)
Charles Holladay (C)
Maha Hussain (M)
Clara Hwang (C)
Yoshio Inoue (Y)
Sujith Kalmadi (S)
George Keogh (G)
Deepak Kilari (D)
Brian Kim (B)
Alan Koletsky (A)
Emerson Lim (E)
Shifeng Mao (S)
Benjamin Martin (B)
Paul Mathew (P)
Benjamin Maughan (B)
Prateek Mendiratta (P)
Paul Monk (P)
Nicholas Nickols (N)
Luke Nordquist (L)
Channing Paller (C)
Chandler Park (C)
Asit Paul (A)
George Philips (G)
Arash Rezazadeh-Kalebasty (A)
Deepak Sahasrabudhe (D)
Oliver Sartor (O)
Stephen Savage (S)
Kevin Scher (K)
Joshua Shipley (J)
Neal Shore (N)
Matthew Smith (M)
Robert Somer (R)
Sandy Srinivas (S)
Ronald Tutrone (R)
Jingsong Zhang (J)

Commentaires et corrections

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Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2022 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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Auteurs

Matthew R Smith (MR)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Maha Hussain (M)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Fred Saad (F)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Karim Fizazi (K)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Cora N Sternberg (CN)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

E David Crawford (ED)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Evgeny Kopyltsov (E)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Chandler H Park (CH)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Boris Alekseev (B)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Álvaro Montesa-Pino (Á)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Dingwei Ye (D)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Francis Parnis (F)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Felipe Cruz (F)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-4558-4850

Teuvo L J Tammela (TLJ)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Hiroyoshi Suzuki (H)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Tapio Utriainen (T)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Cheng Fu (C)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Motohide Uemura (M)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

María J Méndez-Vidal (MJ)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Benjamin L Maughan (BL)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Heikki Joensuu (H)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Silke Thiele (S)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Rui Li (R)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Iris Kuss (I)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

Bertrand Tombal (B)

From the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School - both in Boston (M.R.S.); the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago (M.H.); the University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal (F.S.); Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France (K.F.); the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Meyer Cancer Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York (C.N.S.); the University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla (E.D.C.); the Clinical Oncologic Dispensary of Omsk Region, Omsk (E.K.), and P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow (B.A.) - both in Russia; Norton Cancer Institute, Louisville, KY (C.H.P.); La Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Malaga (A.M.-P.), and Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Cordoba (M.J.M.-V.) - both in Spain; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai (D.Y.), and Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang (C.F.) - both in China; Ashford Cancer Centre Research, Kurralta Park, SA, Australia (F.P.); Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino da Rede São Camilo, São Paulo (F.C.); Tampere University Hospital and Tampere University, Tampere (T.L.J.T.), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki (T.U.), and Orion Pharma, Espoo (H.J.) - all in Finland; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba (H.S.), and Osaka University Hospital, Osaka (M.U.) - both in Japan; the Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City (B.L.M.); Bayer, Berlin (S.T., I.K.); Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ (R.L.); and the Division of Urology, Institut de Recherche Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (B.T.).

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