Incidence and risk factors of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures in febrile status epilepticus.

To clarify the incidence and risk factors of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) in pediatric patients with febrile status epilepticus (FSE). We retrospectively surveyed patients with FSE (≥20 min and ≥40 min) who were younger than 6 years by mailing a questionnaire to 1123 hospitals in Japan. The survey period was 2 years. We then collected clinical data on patients with prolonged febrile seizures (PFS) ≥40 min and those with AESD, and compared clinical data between the PFS and AESD groups. The response rate for the primary survey was 42.3%, and 28.0% of hospitals which had applicable cases responded in the secondary survey. The incidence of AESD was 4.3% in patients with FSE ≥20 min and 7.1% in those with FSE ≥40 min. In the second survey, a total of 548 patients had FSE ≥40 min (AESD group, n = 93; PFS group, n = 455). Univariate analysis revealed significant between-group differences in pH, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, NH Incidence data and prediction scores for AESD will be useful for future intervention trials for AESD.

Copyright © 2021 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures Study funding: This work was supported by scholarship grants for M. Matsuo from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Shionogi & Co., Ltd. The other authors declare no competing interests.