The effect of lower airway inflammation on inflammatory cytokine gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and whole blood in racing Thoroughbreds.
Airway
Bronchoalveolar
Horse
Inflammation
Racehorse
Journal
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology
ISSN: 1873-2534
Titre abrégé: Vet Immunol Immunopathol
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8002006
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jul 2021
Jul 2021
Historique:
received:
28
09
2020
revised:
05
05
2021
accepted:
06
05
2021
pubmed:
16
5
2021
medline:
5
10
2021
entrez:
15
5
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of mild to moderate equine asthma (MEA) are not completely understood. There are limited data on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood inflammatory cytokine profiles in racehorses with MEA, and the effect of racing on inflammatory cytokines is unknown. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokine gene expression in BALF and resting blood would be higher in racehorses with lower airway inflammation compared to healthy controls, and that gene expression in blood collected immediately post-race would be increased compared to resting blood in racehorses with lower airway inflammation. 38 racing Thoroughbreds (samples: 30 resting blood, 22 post-race BALF, 41 post-race blood). Prospective observational study. Inflammatory cytokine gene expression was determined in resting blood, post-race BALF and post-race blood from racehorses with lower airway inflammation and controls. Lower airway inflammation was diagnosed in 79 % of racehorses (23 % neutrophilic, 67 % mastocytic, and 10 % mixed). There was no difference in gene expression in BALF or resting blood between racehorses with lower airway inflammation and controls. IL-8 gene expression was higher in post-race blood compared to resting peripheral blood, regardless of disease (p = 0052). BALF neutrophil proportions increased with increasing IL-1β gene expression in all sample types (p = 0.0025). BALF mast cell proportions increased with increasing TNF-α gene expression in post-race blood (p = 0.015). Lower airway inflammation was common in a population of racehorses without respiratory signs or exercise intolerance. Exercise alone increased peripheral blood IL-8 gene expression. Inflammatory cytokine gene expression was not increased in BALF or resting blood in horses with subclinical lower airway inflammation, precluding its diagnostic utility in clinical practice.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of mild to moderate equine asthma (MEA) are not completely understood. There are limited data on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood inflammatory cytokine profiles in racehorses with MEA, and the effect of racing on inflammatory cytokines is unknown.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokine gene expression in BALF and resting blood would be higher in racehorses with lower airway inflammation compared to healthy controls, and that gene expression in blood collected immediately post-race would be increased compared to resting blood in racehorses with lower airway inflammation.
ANIMALS
METHODS
38 racing Thoroughbreds (samples: 30 resting blood, 22 post-race BALF, 41 post-race blood).
METHODS
METHODS
Prospective observational study. Inflammatory cytokine gene expression was determined in resting blood, post-race BALF and post-race blood from racehorses with lower airway inflammation and controls.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Lower airway inflammation was diagnosed in 79 % of racehorses (23 % neutrophilic, 67 % mastocytic, and 10 % mixed). There was no difference in gene expression in BALF or resting blood between racehorses with lower airway inflammation and controls. IL-8 gene expression was higher in post-race blood compared to resting peripheral blood, regardless of disease (p = 0052). BALF neutrophil proportions increased with increasing IL-1β gene expression in all sample types (p = 0.0025). BALF mast cell proportions increased with increasing TNF-α gene expression in post-race blood (p = 0.015).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
CONCLUSIONS
Lower airway inflammation was common in a population of racehorses without respiratory signs or exercise intolerance. Exercise alone increased peripheral blood IL-8 gene expression. Inflammatory cytokine gene expression was not increased in BALF or resting blood in horses with subclinical lower airway inflammation, precluding its diagnostic utility in clinical practice.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33991760
pii: S0165-2427(21)00084-2
doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110266
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cytokines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Observational Study, Veterinary
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
110266Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.