Thrombolytic Agents: Nanocarriers in Controlled Release.
drug delivery
nanoparticles
plasminogen activators
thrombolytic agents
thrombosis
Journal
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
ISSN: 1613-6829
Titre abrégé: Small
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101235338
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2020
10 2020
Historique:
received:
12
03
2020
revised:
10
06
2020
pubmed:
14
8
2020
medline:
24
6
2021
entrez:
14
8
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Thrombosis is a life-threatening pathological condition in which blood clots form in blood vessels, obstructing or interfering with blood flow. Thrombolytic agents (TAs) are enzymes that can catalyze the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve blood clots. The plasmin formed by TAs breaks down fibrin clots into soluble fibrin that finally dissolves thrombi. Several TAs have been developed to treat various thromboembolic diseases, such as pulmonary embolisms, acute myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and extensive coronary emboli. However, systemic TA administration can trigger non-specific activation that can increase the incidence of bleeding. Moreover, protein-based TAs are rapidly inactivated upon injection resulting in the need for large doses. To overcome these limitations, various types of nanocarriers have been introduced that enhance the pharmacokinetic effects by protecting the TA from the biological environment and targeting the release into coagulation. The nanocarriers show increasing half-life, reducing side effects, and improving overall TA efficacy. In this work, the recent advances in various types of TAs and nanocarriers are thoroughly reviewed. Various types of nanocarriers, including lipid-based, polymer-based, and metal-based nanoparticles are described, for the targeted delivery of TAs. This work also provides insights into issues related to the future of TA development and successful clinical translation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32790000
doi: 10.1002/smll.202001647
pmc: PMC7702193
mid: NIHMS1643950
doi:
Substances chimiques
Delayed-Action Preparations
0
Fibrinolytic Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e2001647Subventions
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : R01 HL140951
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : R01 HL137193
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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