Effect of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention on body composition in people with osteoarthritis: Secondary analysis of the "Plants for Joints" randomized controlled trial.

The Plants for Joints (PFJ) intervention significantly improved pain, stiffness, and physical function, and metabolic outcomes, in people with metabolic syndrome-associated osteoarthritis (MSOA). This secondary analysis investigated its effects on body composition. In the randomized PFJ study, people with MSOA followed a 16-week intervention based on a whole-food plant-based diet, physical activity, and stress management, or usual care. For this secondary analysis, fat mass, muscle mass, and bone mineral density were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) for all participants. Additionally, in a subgroup ( Of 66 people randomized, 64 (97%) completed the study. The PFJ group experienced significant weight loss (-5.2 ​kg; 95% CI -6.9, -3.6) compared to controls, primarily from fat mass reduction (-3.9 ​kg; 95% CI -5.3 to -2.5). No significant differences were found in lean mass, muscle strength, or bone mineral density between groups. In the subgroup who underwent MRI scans, the PFJ group had a greater reduction in HCL (-6.5%; 95% CI -9.9, 3.0) compared to controls, with no observed differences in VAT composition. The PFJ multidisciplinary intervention positively impacted clinical and metabolic outcomes, and appears to significantly reduce body fat, including liver fat, while preserving muscle mass and strength.

© 2024 The Author(s).

Authors CAW, WW, and DvS hold shares in Plants for Health, a limited liability company, which aims to have a positive impact on society and the environment and provide an adapted version of the Plants for Joints program as an additional treatment option for people with rheumatic conditions. All other authors report no conflict of interest.