Insights on cognitive reorganization after hemispherectomy in Rasmussen's encephalitis. A narrative review.
Rasmussen’s encephalitis
cognitive outcome
hemispherectomy
hemispheric specialization
neuroplasticity
Journal
Reviews in the neurosciences
ISSN: 2191-0200
Titre abrégé: Rev Neurosci
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8711016
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 May 2024
16 May 2024
Historique:
received:
16
01
2024
accepted:
26
04
2024
medline:
16
5
2024
pubmed:
16
5
2024
entrez:
15
5
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Rasmussen's encephalitis is a rare neurological pathology affecting one cerebral hemisphere, therefore, posing unique challenges. Patients may undergo hemispherectomy, a surgical procedure after which cognitive development occurs in the isolated contralateral hemisphere. This rare situation provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate brain plasticity and cognitive recovery at a hemispheric level. This literature review synthesizes the existing body of research on cognitive recovery following hemispherectomy in Rasmussen patients, considering cognitive domains and modulatory factors that influence cognitive outcomes. While language function has traditionally been the focus of postoperative assessments, there is a growing acknowledgment of the need to broaden the scope of language investigation in interaction with other cognitive domains and to consider cognitive scaffolding in development and recovery. By synthesizing findings reported in the literature, we delineate how language functions may find support from the right hemisphere after left hemispherectomy, but also how, beyond language, global cognitive functioning is affected. We highlight the critical influence of several factors on postoperative cognitive outcomes, including the timing of hemispherectomy and the baseline preoperative cognitive status, pointing to early surgical intervention as predictive of better cognitive outcomes. However, further specific studies are needed to confirm this correlation. This review aims to emphasize a better understanding of mechanisms underlying hemispheric specialization and plasticity in humans, which are particularly important for both clinical and research advancements. This narrative review underscores the need for an integrative approach based on cognitive scaffolding to provide a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying the reorganization in Rasmussen patients after hemispherectomy.
Identifiants
pubmed: 38749928
pii: revneuro-2024-0009
doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0009
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
Références
Akbar, M., Loomis, R., and Paul, R. (2013). The interplay of language on executive functions in children with ASD. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 7: 494–501, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2012.09.001 .
doi: 10.1016/j.rasd.2012.09.001
Alotaibi, F., Albaradie, R., Almubarak, S., Baeesa, S., Steven, D.A., and Girvin, J.P. (2021). Hemispherotomy for epilepsy: the procedure evolution and outcome. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 48: 451–463, https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.216 .
doi: 10.1017/cjn.2020.216
Althausen, A., Gleissner, U., Hoppe, C., Sassen, R., Buddewig, S., von Lehe, M., Schramm, J., Elger, C.E., and Helmstaedter, C. (2013). Long-term outcome of hemispheric surgery at different ages in 61 epilepsy patients. J. Neurol., Neurosurg. Psychiatry 84: 529–536, https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-303811 .
doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303811
Baciu, M. and Perrone-Bertolotti, M. (2015). What do patients with epilepsy tell us about language dynamics ? A review of fMRI studies. Rev. Neurosci. 26: 323–341, https://doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2014-0074 .
doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0074
Banjac, S., Roger, E., Pichat, C., Cousin, E., Mosca, C., Lamalle, L., Krainik, A., Kahane, P., and Baciu, M. (2021). Reconfiguration dynamics of a language-and-memory network in healthy participants and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroimage Clin. 31: 102702, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102702 .
doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102702
Bartolomei, F., Guye, M., and Wendling, F. (2013). Abnormal binding and disruption in large scale networks involved in human partial seizures. Nonlinear Biomed. Phys. 1: 4, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjnbp11 .
doi: 10.1140/epjnbp11
Barulli, D. and Stern, Y. (2013). Efficiency, capacity, compensation, maintenance, plasticity: emerging concepts in cognitive reserve. Trends Cognit. Sci. 17: 502–509, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.012 .
doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.08.012
Basheer, S.N., Connolly, M.B., Lautzenhiser, A., Sherman, E.M.S., Hendson, G., and Steinbok, P. (2007). Hemispheric surgery in children with refractory epilepsy: seizure outcome, complications, and adaptive function. Epilepsia 48: 133–40, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00909.x .
doi: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00909.x
Battaglia, D., Chieffo, D., Lettori, D., Perrino, F., Di Rocco, C., and Guzzetta, F. (2006). Cognitive assessment in epilepsy surgery of children. Childs Nerv. Syst. 22: 744–759, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-006-0151-2 .
doi: 10.1007/s00381-006-0151-2
Baxendale, S. (2020). Cognitive rehabilitation and prehabilitation in people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 106: 107027, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107027 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107027
Berg, A.T., Zelko, F.A., Levy, S.R., and Testa, F.M. (2012). Age at onset of epilepsy, pharmacoresistance, and cognitive outcomes: a prospective cohort study. Neurology 79: 1384–1391, https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31826c1b55 .
doi: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31826c1b55
Berl, M.M., Mayo, J., Parks, E.N., Rosenberger, L.R., VanMeter, J., Ratner, N.B., Vaidya, C.J., and Gaillard, W.D. (2014). Regional differences in the developmental trajectory of lateralization of the language network: developmental trajectories of lateralization of language. Hum. Brain Mapp. 35: 270–284, https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22179 .
doi: 10.1002/hbm.22179
Bien, C.G. (2005). Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Rasmussen encephalitis: a European consensus statement. Brain 128: 454–471, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh415 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/awh415
Bien, C.G. and Schramm, J. (2009). Treatment of Rasmussen encephalitis half a century after its initial description: promising prospects and a dilemma. Epilepsy Res. 86: 101–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.06.001 .
doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.06.001
Bien, C.G., Tiemeier, H., Sassen, R., Kuczaty, S., Urbach, H., von Lehe, M., Becker, A.J., Bast, T., Herkenrath, P., Karenfort, M., et al.. (2013). Rasmussen encephalitis: incidence and course under randomized therapy with tacrolimus or intravenous immunoglobulins: Rasmussen Encephalitis Incidence, Course. Epilepsia 54: 543–550, https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12042 .
doi: 10.1111/epi.12042
Boatman, D., Freeman, J., Vining, E., Pulsifer, M., Miglioretti, D., Minahan, R., Carson, B., Brandt, J., and McKhann, G. (1999). Language recovery after left hemispherectomy in children with late-onset seizures. Ann. Neurol. 46: 579–586, https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8249(199910)46:4<579::aid-ana5>3.0.co;2-k .
Borne, A., Perrone-Bertolotti, M., Jambaqué, I., Castaignède, C., Dorfmüller, G., Ferrand-Sorbets, S., Baciu, M., and Bulteau, C. (2022). Cognitive outcome after left functional hemispherectomy on dominant hemisphere in patients with Rasmussen encephalitis: beyond the myth of aphasia. Patient series. J. Neurosurg. Case Lessons 4: CASE22410, https://doi.org/10.3171/case22410 .
doi: 10.3171/case22410
Braams, O., Maher, C., Jennekens-Schinkel, A., Braun, K., van Nieuwenhuizen, O., van Schooneveld, M., and Schappin, R. (2019). Social functioning of children after epilepsy surgery: a literature review. Epilepsy Behav. 96: 210–218, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.04.037 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.04.037
Bressler, S.L. and Menon, V. (2010). Large-scale brain networks in cognition: emerging methods and principles. Trends Cognit. Sci. 14: 277–290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.04.004 .
doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2010.04.004
Bulteau, C., Grosmaitre, C., Save-Pédebos, J., Leunen, D., Delalande, O., Dorfmüller, G., Dulac, O., and Jambaqué, I. (2015). Language recovery after left hemispherotomy for Rasmussen encephalitis. Epilepsy Behav. 53: 51–57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.07.044 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.07.044
Bulteau, C., Jambaqué, I., Chiron, C., Rodrigo, S., Dorfmüller, G., Dulac, O., Hertz-Pannier, L., and Noulhiane, M. (2017). Language plasticity after hemispherotomy of the dominant hemisphere in 3 patients: implication of non-linguistic networks. Epilepsy Behav. 69: 86–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.01.004 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.01.004
Caplan, R., Curtiss, S., Chugani, H.T., and Vinters, H.V. (1996). Pediatric Rasmussen encephalitis: social communication, language, PET, and pathology before and after hemispherectomy. Brain Cogn. 32: 45–66, https://doi.org/10.1006/brcg.1996.0057 .
doi: 10.1006/brcg.1996.0057
Cay-Martinez, K.C., Hickman, R.A., McKhann II, G.M., Provenzano, F.A., and Sands, T.T. (2020). Rasmussen encephalitis: an update. Semin Neurol. 40: 201–210, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708504 .
doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1708504
Christodoulou, J.A., Halverson, K., Meegoda, O., Beckius, H., Moser, S., Imhof, A., and Maguire, A. (2021). Literacy-related skills among children after left or right hemispherectomy. Epilepsy Behav. 121: 107995, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107995 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107995
Cloppenborg, T., van Schooneveld, M., Hagemann, A., Hopf, J.L., Kalbhenn, T., Otte, W.M., Polster, T., Bien, C.G., and Braun, K.P.J. (2022). Development and validation of prediction models for developmental and intellectual outcome following pediatric epilepsy surgery. Neurology 98: e225–e235, https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000013065 .
doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000013065
Cohen, J.R. (2018). The behavioral and cognitive relevance of time-varying, dynamic changes in functional connectivity. Neuroimage 180: 515–525, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.036 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.036
Contador, I., Alzola, P., Stern, Y., de la Torre-Luque, A., Bermejo-Pareja, F., and Fernández-Calvo, B. (2023). Is cognitive reserve associated with the prevention of cognitive decline after stroke? A Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res. Rev. 84: 101814, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2022.101814 .
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101814
Cummine, J., Borowsky, R., Winder, F.S., and Crossley, M. (2009). Basic reading skills and dyslexia: three decades following right versus left hemispherectomy for childhood-onset intractable epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 15: 470–475, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.05.018 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.05.018
Curtiss, S. and de Bode, S. (2003). How normal is grammatical development in the right hemisphere following hemispherectomy? The root infinitive stage and beyond. Brain Lang. 86: 193–206, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0093-934x(02)00528-x .
doi: 10.1016/s0093-934x(02)00528-x
Curtiss, S., de Bode, S., and Mathern, G.W. (2001). Spoken Language outcomes after hemispherectomy: factoring in etiology. Brain Lang. 79: 379–396, https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.2001.2487 .
doi: 10.1006/brln.2001.2487
Danelli, L., Cossu, G., Berlingeri, M., Bottini, G., Sberna, M., and Paulesu, E. (2013). Is a lone right hemisphere enough? Neurolinguistic architecture in a case with a very early left hemispherectomy. Neurocase 19: 209–231, https://doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2011.654226 .
doi: 10.1080/13554794.2011.654226
Danguecan, A.N. and Smith, M.L. (2019). Re-examining the crowding hypothesis in pediatric epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 94: 281–287, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.01.038 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.01.038
de Bode, S., Smets, L., Mathern, G.W., and Dubinsky, S. (2015). Complex syntax in the isolated right hemisphere: receptive grammatical abilities after cerebral hemispherectomy. Epilepsy Behav. 51: 33–39, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.06.024 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.06.024
Delalande, O., Bulteau, C., Dellatolas, G., Fohlen, M., Jalin, C., Buret, V., Viguier, D., Dorfmüller, G., and Jambaqué, I. (2007). Vertical parasagittal hemispherotomy: surgical procedures and clinical long-term outcomes in A population of 83 children. Oper. Neurosurg. 60: 19–32, https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000249246.48299.12 .
doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000249246.48299.12
Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 64: 135–168, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750 .
doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750
Donders, J. and Kim, E. (2019). Effect of cognitive reserve on children with traumatic brain injury. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 25: 355–361, https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719000109 .
doi: 10.1017/s1355617719000109
Everts, R., Lidzba, K., Wilke, M., Kiefer, C., Mordasini, M., Schroth, G., Perrig, W., and Steinlin, M. (2009). Strengthening of laterality of verbal and visuospatial functions during childhood and adolescence. Hum. Brain Mapp. 30: 473–483, https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20523 .
doi: 10.1002/hbm.20523
Ferguson, C. (2022). Network neuropsychology: the map and the territory. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 132: 638–647, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.024 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.024
Fuhs, M.W. and Day, J.D. (2011). Verbal ability and executive functioning development in preschoolers at head start. Dev. Psychol. 47: 404–416, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021065 .
doi: 10.1037/a0021065
Gainotti, G. (2019). Emotions and the right hemisphere: can new data clarify old models? Neuroscientist 25: 258–270, https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858418785342 .
doi: 10.1177/1073858418785342
Garcia-Ramos, C., Struck, A.F., Cook, C., Prabhakaran, V., Nair, V., Maganti, R., Binder, J.R., Meyerand, M., Conant, L.L., and Hermann, B. (2021). Network topology of the cognitive phenotypes of temporal lobe epilepsy. Cortex 141: 55–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.031 .
doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.031
Gaubatz, J., Prillwitz, C.C., Ernst, L., David, B., Hoppe, C., Hattingen, E., Weber, B., Vatter, H., Surges, R., Elger, C.E., et al.. (2020). Contralesional white matter alterations in patients after hemispherotomy. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 14: 262, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00262 .
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00262
Gooch, D., Thompson, P., Nash, H.M., Snowling, M.J., and Hulme, C. (2016). The development of executive function and language skills in the early school years. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 57: 180–187, https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12458 .
doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12458
Granata, T. and Andermann, F. (2013). Rasmussen encephalitis. Handb. Clin. Neurol. 111: 511–519, https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52891-9.00054-3 .
doi: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52891-9.00054-3
Granata, T., Matricardi, S., Ragona, F., Freri, E., Casazza, M., Villani, F., Deleo, F., Tringali, G., Gobbi, G., Tassi, L., et al.. (2014). Hemispherotomy in Rasmussen encephalitis: long-term outcome in an Italian series of 16 patients. Epilepsy Res. 108: 1106–1119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.03.018 .
doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.03.018
Granovetter, M.C., Robert, S., Ettensohn, L., and Behrmann, M. (2022). With childhood hemispherectomy, one hemisphere can support—but is suboptimal for—word and face recognition. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 28: e2212936119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2212936119 .
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2212936119
Gratton, C., Sun, H., and Petersen, S.E. (2018). Control networks and hubs. Psychophysiology 55: e13032, https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13032 .
doi: 10.1111/psyp.13032
Griffiths, S., Kievit, R.A., and Norbury, C. (2022). Mutualistic coupling of vocabulary and non-verbal reasoning in children with and without language disorder. Dev. Sci. 25: e13208, https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13208 .
doi: 10.1111/desc.13208
Grosmaitre, C., Jambaqué, I., Dorfmuller, G., Rodrigo, S., Ville, D., Delalande, O., and Bulteau, C. (2015). Exceptional verbal intelligence after hemispherotomy in a child with Rasmussen encephalitis. Neurocase 21: 144–147, https://doi.org/10.1080/13554794.2013.878724 .
doi: 10.1080/13554794.2013.878724
Guan, Y., Chen, S., Liu, C., Du, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, S., Wang, J., Li, T., and Luan, G. (2017). Timing and type of hemispherectomy for Rasmussen’s encephalitis: analysis of 45 patients. Epilepsy Res. 132: 109–115, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.03.003 .
doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.03.003
Guan, Y., Zhou, J., Luan, G., and Liu, X. (2014). Surgical treatment of patients with Rasmussen encephalitis. Stereotact Funct. Neurosurg. 92: 86–93, https://doi.org/10.1159/000355901 .
doi: 10.1159/000355901
Hartman, A.L. and Cross, J.H. (2014). Timing of surgery in Rasmussen syndrome: is patience a virtue? Epilepsy Curr. 14: 8–11, https://doi.org/10.5698/1535-7511-14.s2.8 .
doi: 10.5698/1535-7511-14.s2.8
Helmstaedter, C., Beeres, K., Elger, C., Kuczaty, S., Schramm, J., and Hoppe, C. (2020). Cognitive outcome of pediatric epilepsy surgery across ages and different types of surgeries_ A monocentric 1-year follow-up study in 306 patients of school age. Seizure 77: 86–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2019.07.021 .
doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.07.021
Herbet, G. and Duffau, H. (2020). Revisiting the functional anatomy of the human brain: toward a meta-networking theory of cerebral functions. Physiol. Rev. 100: 1181–1228, https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00033.2019 .
doi: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2019
Hertz-Pannier, L., Chiron, C., Jambaqué, I., Renaux-Kieffer, V., Moortele, P.V.de, Delalande, O., Fohlen, M., Brunelle, F., and Bihan, D.L. (2002). Late plasticity for language in a child’s non-dominant hemisphere. Brain 125: 361–372, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awf020 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/awf020
Hervé, P.-Y., Zago, L., Petit, L., Mazoyer, B., and Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2013). Revisiting human hemispheric specialization with neuroimaging. Trends Cognit. Sci. 17: 69–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.12.004 .
doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.12.004
Hoffman, C.E., Ochi, A., Snead, O.C., Widjaja, E., Hawkins, C., Tisdal, M., and Rutka, J.T. (2016). Rasmussen’s encephalitis: advances in management and patient outcomes. Childs Nerv. Syst. 32: 629–640, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-015-2994-x .
doi: 10.1007/s00381-015-2994-x
Holmes, G.L. (2016). Effect of seizures on the developing brain and cognition. Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. 23: 120–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2016.05.001 .
doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2016.05.001
Ibrahim, G.M., Morgan, B.R., Smith, M.L., Kerr, E., Donner, E., Go, C.Y., Doesburg, S., Taylor, M., Widjaja, E., Rutka, J.T., et al.. (2015). Thalamocortical connectivity is enhanced following functional hemispherotomy for intractable lateralized epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 51: 281–285, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.07.039 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.07.039
Ismail, F.Y., Fatemi, A., and Johnston, M.V. (2017). Cerebral plasticity: windows of opportunity in the developing brain. Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol. 21: 23–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.07.007 .
doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.07.007
Ivanova, A., Zaidel, E., Salamon, N., Bookheimer, S., Uddin, L.Q., and de Bode, S. (2017). Intrinsic functional organization of putative language networks in the brain following left cerebral hemispherectomy. Brain Struct. Funct. 222: 3795–3805, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-017-1434-y .
doi: 10.1007/s00429-017-1434-y
Jeong, W., Chung, C.K., and Kim, J.S. (2015). Episodic memory in aspects of large-scale brain networks. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 9: 454, https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00454 .
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00454
Jonas, R., Nguyen, S., Hu, B., Asarnow, R.F., LoPresti, C., Curtiss, S., de Bode, S., Yudovin, S., Shields, W.D., Vinters, H.V., et al.. (2004). Cerebral hemispherectomy: hospital course, seizure, developmental, language, and motor outcomes. Neurology 62: 1712–1721, https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000127109.14569.c3 .
doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000127109.14569.c3
Kadish, N.E., Bast, T., Reuner, G., Wagner, K., Mayer, H., Schubert-Bast, S., Wiegand, G., Strobl, K., Brandt, A., Korinthenberg, R., et al.. (2019). Epilepsy surgery in the first 3 Years of life: predictors of seizure freedom and cognitive development. Neurosurgery 84: E368–E377, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyy376 .
doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyy376
Kan, K.-J., Van Der Maas, H.L.J., and Levine, S.Z. (2019). Extending psychometric network analysis: empirical evidence against g in favor of mutualism? Intelligence 73: 52–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2018.12.004 .
doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2018.12.004
Kaushanskaya, M., Park, J.S., Gangopadhyay, I., Davidson, M.M., and Weismer, S.E. (2017). The relationship between executive functions and language abilities in children: a latent variables approach. J. Speech Hear. Res. 60: 912–923, https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-l-15-0310 .
doi: 10.1044/2016_jslhr-l-15-0310
Kellermann, T.S., Bonilha, L., Lin, J.J., and Hermann, B.P. (2015). Mapping the landscape of cognitive development in children with epilepsy. Cortex 66: 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.02.001 .
doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.02.001
Kievit, R.A., Hofman, A.D., and Nation, K. (2019). Mutualistic coupling between vocabulary and reasoning in young children: a replication and extension of the study by Kievit et al. (2017). Psychol. Sci. 30: 1245–1252, https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797619841265 .
doi: 10.1177/0956797619841265
Kim, J., Park, E.-K., Shim, K.-W., and Kim, D.S. (2018). Hemispherotomy and functional hemispherectomy: indications and outcomes. J. Epilepsy Res. 8: 1–5, https://doi.org/10.14581/jer.18001 .
doi: 10.14581/jer.18001
Kliemann, D., Adolphs, R., Paul, L.K., Tyszka, J.M., and Tranel, D. (2021). Reorganization of the social brain in individuals with only one intact cerebral hemisphere. Brain Sci. 11: 965, https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11080965 .
doi: 10.3390/brainsci11080965
Kliemann, D., Adolphs, R., Tyszka, J.M., Fischl, B., Yeo, B.T.T., Nair, R., Dubois, J., and Paul, L.K. (2019). Intrinsic functional connectivity of the brain in adults with a single cerebral hemisphere. Cell Rep. 29: 2398–2407, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.067 .
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.067
Korkman, M., Granström, M.-L., Kantola-Sorsa, E., Gaily, E., Paetau, R., Liukkonen, E., Boman, P.-A., and Blomstedt, G. (2005). Two-year follow-up of intelligence after pediatric epilepsy surgery. Pediatr. Neurol. 33: 173–178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.04.006 .
doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.04.006
Kuhn, L.J., Willoughby, M.T., Wilbourn, M.P., Vernon-Feagans, L., and Blair, C.B., and The Family Life Project Key Investigators (2014). Early communicative gestures prospectively predict language development and executive function in early childhood. Child Dev. 85: 1898–914, https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12249 .
doi: 10.1111/cdev.12249
Larivière, S., Bernasconi, A., Bernasconi, N., and Bernhardt, B.C. (2020). Connectome biomarkers of drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia 62: 6–24, https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.16753 .
doi: 10.1111/epi.16753
Lee, Y.-J., Kim, E.-H., Yum, M.-S., Lee, J.K., Hong, S., and Ko, T.-S. (2014). Long-term outcomes of hemispheric disconnection in pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy. J. Clin. Neurol. 10: 101, https://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2014.10.2.101 .
doi: 10.3988/jcn.2014.10.2.101
Lettori, D., Battaglia, D., Sacco, A., Veredice, C., Chieffo, D., Massimi, L., Tartaglione, T., Chiricozzi, F., Staccioli, S., Mittica, A., et al.. (2008). Early hemispherectomy in catastrophic epilepsy. Seizure 17: 49–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2007.06.006 .
doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2007.06.006
Lidzba, K., Bürki, S., and Staudt, M. (2020). Predicting language outcome after left hemisperotomy: a systematic literature review. Neurol. Clin. Pract. 18: 158–166.
Lidzba, K., Staudt, M., Wilke, M., and Krägeloh-Mann, I. (2006). Visuospatial deficits in patients with early left-hemispheric lesions and functional reorganization of language: consequence of lesion or reorganization? Neuropsychologia 44: 1088–1094, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.10.022 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.10.022
Liégeois, F., Connelly, A., Baldeweg, T., and Vargha-Khadem, F. (2008a). Speaking with a single cerebral hemisphere: fMRI language organization after hemispherectomy in childhood. Brain Lang. 106: 195–203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2008.01.010 .
doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2008.01.010
Liégeois, F., Cross, J.H., Polkey, C., Harkness, W., and Vargha-Khadem, F. (2008b). Language after hemispherectomy in childhood: contributions from memory and intelligence. Neuropsychologia 46: 3101–3107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.07.001 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.07.001
Liu, D., Guan, Y., Zhou, J., Zhai, F., Chen, L., Li, T., Wang, M., and Luan, G. (2022). The influencing factors and changes of cognitive function within 40 Rasmussen encephalitis patients that received a hemispherectomy. Neurological Res. 44: 700–707, https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2022.2039526 .
doi: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2039526
Lochy, A., de Heering, A., and Rossion, B. (2019). The non-linear development of the right hemispheric specialization for human face perception. Neuropsychologia 126: 10–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.06.029 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.06.029
Loddenkemper, T., Holland, K.D., Stanford, L.D., Kotagal, P., Bingaman, W., and Wyllie, E. (2007). Developmental outcome after epilepsy surgery in infancy. Pediatrics 119: 930–935, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2530 .
doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-2530
Loddenkemper, T., Wyllie, E., Lardizabal, D., Stanford, L.D., and Bingaman, W. (2003). Late Language transfer in patients with Rasmussen encephalitis. Epilepsia 44: 870–871, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.66402.x .
doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.66402.x
Mahmoudzadeh, M., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Fournier, M., Kongolo, G., Goudjil, S., Dubois, J., Grebe, R., and Wallois, F. (2013). Syllabic discrimination in premature human infants prior to complete formation of cortical layers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110: 4846–4851, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212220110 .
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1212220110
Marcelle, M., You, X., Fanto, E.J., Sepeta, L.N., Gaillard, W.D., and Berl, M.M. (2022). Impact of development and recent-onset epilepsy on language dominance. Epilepsia 63: 2637–2649, https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17383 .
doi: 10.1111/epi.17383
Marini, A., Piccolo, B., Taverna, L., Berginc, M., and Ozbič, M. (2020). The complex relation between executive functions and language in preschoolers with developmental language disorders. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17: 1772, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051772 .
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051772
Marras, C.E., Granata, T., Franzini, A., Freri, E., Villani, F., Casazza, M., De Curtis, M., Ragona, F., Ferroli, P., D’Incerti, L., et al.. (2010). Hemispherotomy and functional hemispherectomy: indications and outcome. Epilepsy Res. 89: 104–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.09.006 .
doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.09.006
McGovern, R.A., Moosa, A., Jehi, L., Busch, R., Ferguson, L., Gupta, A., Gonzalez-Martinez, J., Wyllie, E., Najm, I., and Bingaman, W.E. (2019). Hemispherectomy in adults and adolescents: seizure and functional outcomes in 47 patients. Epilepsia 60: 2416–2427, https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.16378 .
doi: 10.1111/epi.16378
Mitra, N., Kavitha, G., Nithya, M., and Bakhne, A. (2016). Rasmussen’s encephalitis. J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. 35: 295–297, https://doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v35i3.10100 .
doi: 10.3126/jnps.v35i3.10100
Moosa, A.N.V., Jehi, L., Marashly, A., Cosmo, G., Lachhwani, D., Wyllie, E., Kotagal, P., Bingaman, W., and Gupta, A. (2013). Long-term functional outcomes and their predictors after hemispherectomy in 115 children. Epilepsia 54: 1771–1779, https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12342 .
doi: 10.1111/epi.12342
Morgan, G., Curtin, M., and Botting, N. (2021). The interplay between early social interaction, language and executive function development in deaf and hearing infants. Infant Behav. Dev. 64: 101591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101591 .
doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101591
Nahum, A.S. and Liégeois, F.J. (2020). Language after childhood hemispherectomy: a systematic review. Neurology 95: 1043–1056, https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011073 .
doi: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011073
Newport, E.L., Seydell-Greenwald, A., Landau, B., Turkeltaub, P.E., Chambers, C.E., Martin, K.C., Rennert, R., Giannetti, M., Dromerick, A.W., Ichord, R.N., et al.. (2022). Language and developmental plasticity after perinatal stroke. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 119: e2207293119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2207293119 .
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2207293119
Ogden, J.A. (1989). Visuospatial and other “right-hemispheric” functions after long recovery periods in left-hemispherectomized subjects. Neuropsychologia 27: 765–776, https://doi.org/10.1016/0028-3932(89)90001-8 .
doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(89)90001-8
Oguni, H., Andermann, F., and Rasmussen, T.B. (1992). The syndrome of chronic encephalitis and epilepsy: a study based on the MNI series of 48 cases. Adv. Neurol. 57: 419–433.
Olulade, O.A., Seydell-Greenwald, A., Chambers, C.E., Turkeltaub, P.E., Dromerick, A.W., Berl, M.M., Gaillard, W.D., and Newport, E.L. (2020). The neural basis of language development: changes in lateralization over age. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 117: 23477–23483, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905590117 .
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1905590117
Ozanne, A., Verdinelli, C., Olsson, I., Graneheim, U.H., and Malmgren, K. (2016). Parental experiences before and long-term after their children’s hemispherotomy—a population-based qualitative study. Epilepsy Behav. 60: 11–16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.04.025 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.04.025
Perrone-Bertolotti, M., Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Hoyau, E., Mazoyer, B., and Baciu, M. (2016). Latéralisation hémisphérique du langage: Résultats des études comportementales et de la neuroimagerie. In: Traité de neurolinguistique: Du cerveau au langage . Deboeck Supérieur, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgique, pp. 147–166.
Pinabiaux, C., Save-Pédebos, J., Dorfmüller, G., Jambaqué, I., and Bulteau, C. (2022). The hidden face of hemispherectomy: visuo-spatial and visuo-perceptive processing after left or right functional hemispherectomy in 40 children. Epilepsy Behav. 134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108821 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108821
Powell, J.L., Kemp, G.J., and García-Finaña, M. (2012). Association between language and spatial laterality and cognitive ability: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 59: 1818–1829, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.040 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.040
Puka, K., Tavares, T.P., and Smith, M.L. (2017). Development of intelligence 4 to 11 years after paediatric epilepsy surgery. J. Neuropsychol. 11: 161–173, https://doi.org/10.1111/jnp.12081 .
doi: 10.1111/jnp.12081
Pulsifer, M.B., Brandt, J., Salorio, C.F., Vining, E.P.G., Carson, B.S., and Freeman, J.M. (2004). The cognitive outcome of hemispherectomy in 71 children. Epilepsia 45: 243–254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.15303.x .
doi: 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.15303.x
Qu, X.-P., Qu, Y., Wang, C., and Liu, B. (2020). Long-term cognitive improvement after functional hemispherectomy. World Neurosurg. 135: 520–526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.058 .
doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.058
Ramantani, G., Bulteau, C., Cserpan, D., Otte, W.M., Dorfmüller, G., Cross, J.H., Zentner, J., Tisdall, M., and Braun, K.P.J. (2023). Not surgical technique, but etiology, contralateral MRI, prior surgery, and side of surgery determine seizure outcome after pediatric hemispherotomy. World Neurosurg. 64: 1214–1224.
Ramantani, G. and Reuner, G. (2018). Cognitive development in pediatric epilepsy surgery. Neuropediatrics 49: 093–103, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609034 .
doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1609034
Roger, E., Pichat, C., Torlay, L., David, O., Renard, F., Banjac, S., Attyé, A., Minotti, L., Lamalle, L., Kahane, P., et al.. (2020). Hubs disruption in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. A resting-state fMRI study on a language and memory network. Hum. Brain Mapp. 41: 779–796, https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24839 .
doi: 10.1002/hbm.24839
Romeo, R.R., Flournoy, J.C., McLaughlin, K.A., and Lengua, L.J. (2022). Language development as a mechanism linking socioeconomic status to executive functioning development in preschool. Dev. Sci. 25: e13227, https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13227 .
doi: 10.1111/desc.13227
Rudebeck, S.R., Shavel-Jessop, S., Varadkar, S., Owen, T., Cross, J.H., Vargha-Khadem, F., and Baldeweg, T. (2018). Pre- and postsurgical cognitive trajectories and quantitative MRI changes in Rasmussen syndrome. Epilepsia 59: 1210–1219, https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.14192 .
doi: 10.1111/epi.14192
Samargia, S.A. and Kimberley, T.J. (2009). Motor and cognitive outcomes in children after functional hemispherectomy. Pediatr. Phys. Ther. 21: 356–361, https://doi.org/10.1097/pep.0b013e3181bf710d .
doi: 10.1097/pep.0b013e3181bf710d
Save-Pédebos, J., Pinabiaux, C., Dorfmuller, G., Sorbets, S.F., Delalande, O., Jambaqué, I., and Bulteau, C. (2016). The development of pragmatic skills in children after hemispherotomy: contribution from left and right hemispheres. Epilepsy Behav. 55: 139–145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.12.013 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.12.013
Schmeiser, B., Zentner, J., Steinhoff, B.J., Schulze-Bonhage, A., Kogias, E., Wendling, A.-S., and Hammen, T. (2017). Functional hemispherectomy is safe and effective in adult patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 77: 19–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.09.021 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.09.021
Schraegle, W.A. and Babajani-Feremi, A. (2022). Global network alterations of the cognitive phenotypes in pediatric temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 135: 108891, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108891 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108891
Shurtleff, H.A., Roberts, E.A., Young, C.C., Barry, D., Warner, M.H., Saneto, R.P., Buckley, R., Firman, T., Poliakov, A.V., Ellenbogen, R.G., et al.. (2021). Pediatric hemispherectomy outcome: adaptive functioning, intelligence, and memory. Epilepsy Behav. 124: 108298, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108298 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108298
Silva, J.R., Sakamoto, A.C., Thomé, Ú., Escorsi-Rosset, S., Santos, M.V., Machado, H.R., Santos, A.C., and Hamad, A.P. (2020). Left hemispherectomy in older children and adolescents: outcome of cognitive abilities. Childs Nerv. Syst. 36: 1275–1282, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-019-04377-9 .
doi: 10.1007/s00381-019-04377-9
Sousa, N.M.F., Ribeiro, A.M., and Nunes, D.L.de M. (2021). Neurological rehabilitation for a patient with chronic Rasmussen encephalitis: a case report. Dement Neuropsychol. 15: 413–418, https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030015 .
doi: 10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030015
Stark, R.E. and McGregor, K.K. (1997). Follow-up study of a right- and a left-hemispherectomized child: implications for localization and impairment of language in children. Brain Lang. 60: 222–242, https://doi.org/10.1006/brln.1997.1800 .
doi: 10.1006/brln.1997.1800
Tavares, T.P., Kerr, E.N., and Smith, M.L. (2020). Memory outcomes following hemispherectomy in children. Epilepsy Behav. 112: 107360, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107360 .
doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107360
Telfeian, A.E., Berqvist, C., Danielak, C., Simon, S.L., and Duhaime, A.-C. (2002). Recovery of language after left hemispherectomy in a sixteen-year-old girl with late-onset seizures. Pediatr. Neurosurg. 37: 19–21, https://doi.org/10.1159/000065096 .
doi: 10.1159/000065096
Terra-Bustamante, V.C., Machado, H.R., dos Santos Oliveira, R., Serafini, L.N., Souza-Oliveira, C., Escorsi-Rosset, S., Marcia Targas Yacubian, E., da Graça Naffah-Mazzacoratti, M., Scorza, C.A., Cavalheiro, E.A., et al.. (2009). Rasmussen encephalitis: long-term outcome after surgery. Childs Nerv. Syst. 25: 583–589, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-008-0795-1 .
doi: 10.1007/s00381-008-0795-1
Teuber, H.L., Schmitt, F.O., and Worden, F.G. (1974). Why two brains. In: The neurosciences: Third study program . MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 71–74.
Thomas, S.G., Daniel, R.T., Chacko, A.G., Thomas, M., and Russell, P.S.S. (2010). Cognitive changes following surgery in intractable hemispheric and sub-hemispheric pediatric epilepsy. Childs Nerv. Syst. 26: 1067–1073, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-010-1102-5 .
doi: 10.1007/s00381-010-1102-5
Trudeau, N., Colozzo, P., Sylvestre, V., and Ska, B. (2003). Language following functional left hemispherectomy in a bilingual teenager. Brain Cogn. 53: 384–388, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00150-7 .
doi: 10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00150-7
Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., and Courtin, C. (2013). Brain lateralization and the emergence of language. In Lefebvre, C., Comrie, B., and Cohen, H. (Éds.), Studies in language companion series , Vol. 144. John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 237–256.
Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Perrone-Bertolotti, M., Jobard, G., Mazoyer, B., and Baciu, M. (2017). Multi-factorial modulation of hemispheric specialization and plasticity for language in healthy and pathological conditions: a review. Cortex 86: 314–339, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.013 .
doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.013
Van Der Maas, H.L.J., Dolan, C.V., Grasman, R.P.P.P., Wicherts, J.M., Huizenga, H.M., and Raijmakers, M.E.J. (2006). A dynamical model of general intelligence: the positive manifold of intelligence by mutualism. Psychol. Rev. 113: 842–861, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.113.4.842 .
doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.113.4.842
van Schooneveld, M.M.J., Braun, K.P.J., van Rijen, P.C., van Nieuwenhuizen, O., and Jennekens-Schinkel, A. (2016). The spectrum of long-term cognitive and functional outcome after hemispherectomy in childhood. Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol. 20: 376–384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.01.004 .
doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.01.004
van Schooneveld, M.M.J., Jennekens-Schinkel, A., van Rijen, P.C., Braun, K.P.J., and van Nieuwenhuizen, O. (2011). Hemispherectomy: a basis for mental development in children with epilepsy. Epileptic Disord. 13: 47–55, https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2011.0403 .
doi: 10.1684/epd.2011.0403
Varadkar, S., Bien, C.G., Kruse, C.A., Jensen, F.E., Bauer, J., Pardo, C.A., Vincent, A., Mathern, G.W., and Cross, J.H. (2014). Rasmussen’s encephalitis: clinical features, pathobiology, and treatment advances. Lancet Neurol. 13: 195–205, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70260-6 .
doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70260-6
Vargha-Khadem, F., Isaacs, E.B., Papaleloudi, H., Polkey, C.E., and Wilson, J. (1991). Development of language in six hemispherectomized patients. Brain 114: 473–495, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/114.1.473 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/114.1.473
Vigneau, M., Beaucousin, V., Hervé, P.-Y., Jobard, G., Petit, L., Crivello, F., Mellet, E., Zago, L., Mazoyer, B., and Tzourio-Mazoyer, N. (2011). What is right-hemisphere contribution to phonological, lexico-semantic, and sentence processing? Neuroimage 54: 577–593, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.036 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.036
Villarejo-Ortega, F., García-Fernández, M., Fournier-Del Castillo, C., Fabregate-Fuente, M., Álvarez-Linera, J., De Prada-Vicente, I., Budke, M., Ruiz-Falcó, M.-L., and Pérez-Jiménez, M.-Á. (2013). Seizure and developmental outcomes after hemispherectomy in children and adolescents with intractable epilepsy. Childs Nerv. Syst. 29: 475–488, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-012-1949-8 .
doi: 10.1007/s00381-012-1949-8
Vining, E.P.G., Freeman, J.M., Pillas, D.J., Uematsu, S., Carson, B.S., Brandt, J., Boatman, D., Pulsifer, M.B., and Zuckerberg, A. (1997). Why would you remove half a brain? The outcome of 58 children after hemispherectomy—the Johns Hopkins experience: 1968 to 1996. Pediatrics 100: 163–171, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.100.2.163 .
doi: 10.1542/peds.100.2.163
Voets, N.L., Adcock, J.E., Flitney, D.E., Behrens, T.E.J., Hart, Y., Stacey, R., Carpenter, K., and Matthews, P.M. (2006). Distinct right frontal lobe activation in language processing following left hemisphere injury. Brain 129: 754–766, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh679 .
doi: 10.1093/brain/awh679
Weiland, C., Barata, M.C., and Yoshikawa, H. (2014). The Co-occurring development of executive function skills and receptive vocabulary in preschool-aged children: a look at the direction of the developmental pathways: executive function and receptive vocabulary development in preschool. Infant Child Dev. 23: 4–21, https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.1829 .
doi: 10.1002/icd.1829
Weiss-Croft, L.J. and Baldeweg, T. (2015). Maturation of language networks in children: a systematic review of 22 years of functional MRI. Neuroimage 123: 269–281, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.046 .
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.046
Wilson, R., Marion, S., Asarnow, R., and Mathern, G. (2017). Verbal and nonverbal memory in hemispherectomy: lateralization effects. J. Pediatr. Epilepsy 6: 141–148, https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604000 .
doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1604000
Yeo, B.T.T., Krienen, F.M., Sepulcre, J., Sabuncu, M.R., Lashkari, D., Hollinshead, M., Roffman, J.L., Smoller, J.W., Zöllei, L., Polimeni, J.R., et al.. (2011). The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. J. Neurophysiol. 106: 1125–1165, https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00338.2011 .
doi: 10.1152/jn.00338.2011