Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Statement-Recommendation on Repeated Seasonal Influenza Vaccination.

Influenza vaccination is recommended annually; however, some studies have raised questions regarding whether repeated influenza vaccine administration may have unintended negative consequences for seasonal protection. The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Influenza Working Group undertook an overview of systematic reviews on the effects of repeated influenza vaccination on vaccine effectiveness, efficacy, and immunogenicity. A systematic assessment of programmatic factors was conducted according to established NACI methods. The NACI evidence-based process was used to critically appraise the available evidence and to review recommendations. The evidence base consisted of four eligible systematic reviews/meta-analyses. Repeated vaccination, including the current season, was consistently more effective than no vaccination in the current season. The evidence showed no significant difference or predictable trend in vaccine efficacy or effectiveness between vaccinations in two consecutive seasons compared to vaccination in the current season only. Overall, NACI concluded that there is evidence to recommend annual influenza vaccination, irrespective of whether an individual received the seasonal influenza vaccine in previous seasons. It is neither currently feasible nor warranted to modify existing annual influenza vaccination programs to account for potential negative or positive interference. NACI continues to strongly recommend that seasonal influenza vaccine should be offered annually to everyone six months of age and older who does not have contraindications to the vaccine, irrespective of previous seasons' influenza vaccination status.

Competing interests None.