Inflammatory markers for differentiation of endometritis in the mare.
chemokines
cytokines
cytology
endometrial biopsy
horse
low-volume uterine lavage
Journal
Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
Titre abrégé: Equine Vet J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0173320
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
14 Jan 2024
14 Jan 2024
Historique:
received:
18
01
2023
accepted:
14
12
2023
medline:
15
1
2024
pubmed:
15
1
2024
entrez:
14
1
2024
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Endometrial biopsy is required to diagnose mares with chronic endometritis and endometrial degenerative fibrosis. An increase in understanding of equine reproductive immunology could be utilised to create less-invasive, time-efficient diagnostic tools especially when evaluating mares for chronic endometritis. To evaluate inflammatory cytokine and chemokine concentrations in uterine fluid samples collected by low-volume lavage (LVL) as a potential screening diagnostic biomarker for endometritis. Prospective cross-sectional clinical study. Forty-six mares underwent a LVL and subsequently endometrial biopsy. Mares were split in three groups: healthy, acute endometritis, and chronic endometrial fibrosis (CEF) based on cytological and histological evaluation. A fluorescent bead-based multiplex assay for IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, sCD14, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL11 were carried out on the LVL fluid. The endometrial biopsy was utilised for histology and qPCR of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, CCL2 and CCL3 genes. Statistical analyses examined differences in inflammatory markers and predictive modelling for diseased endometrium. Secreted concentrations of IFN-γ were lower in LVL fluid from reproductively healthy mares compared with acute endometritis (p = 0.04) and CEF (p = 0.006). Additionally, IL-17, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL11 were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.04) in LVL from CEF mares compared with healthy mares. Mares with CCL2 concentrations ≥550 pg/mL (14/14) had 100% probability of having CEF and/or acute endometritis. Healthy mares had lower relative abundance of IL-17 mRNA compared with mares in CEF group [median (interquartile rage) = 14.76 (13.3, 15.3) and 12.4 (10.54, 13.81)], respectively (p = 0.02). Limited sample size: larger numbers of mares with and without endometritis are required and reference intervals in LVL samples have to be established. Inflammatory chemokines and cytokines concentrations differed between healthy mares and mares with acute endometritis or CEF in LVL.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Endometrial biopsy is required to diagnose mares with chronic endometritis and endometrial degenerative fibrosis. An increase in understanding of equine reproductive immunology could be utilised to create less-invasive, time-efficient diagnostic tools especially when evaluating mares for chronic endometritis.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate inflammatory cytokine and chemokine concentrations in uterine fluid samples collected by low-volume lavage (LVL) as a potential screening diagnostic biomarker for endometritis.
STUDY DESIGN
METHODS
Prospective cross-sectional clinical study.
METHODS
METHODS
Forty-six mares underwent a LVL and subsequently endometrial biopsy. Mares were split in three groups: healthy, acute endometritis, and chronic endometrial fibrosis (CEF) based on cytological and histological evaluation. A fluorescent bead-based multiplex assay for IFN-γ, IFN-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, sCD14, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL11 were carried out on the LVL fluid. The endometrial biopsy was utilised for histology and qPCR of IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, CCL2 and CCL3 genes. Statistical analyses examined differences in inflammatory markers and predictive modelling for diseased endometrium.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Secreted concentrations of IFN-γ were lower in LVL fluid from reproductively healthy mares compared with acute endometritis (p = 0.04) and CEF (p = 0.006). Additionally, IL-17, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5 and CCL11 were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.04) in LVL from CEF mares compared with healthy mares. Mares with CCL2 concentrations ≥550 pg/mL (14/14) had 100% probability of having CEF and/or acute endometritis. Healthy mares had lower relative abundance of IL-17 mRNA compared with mares in CEF group [median (interquartile rage) = 14.76 (13.3, 15.3) and 12.4 (10.54, 13.81)], respectively (p = 0.02).
MAIN LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Limited sample size: larger numbers of mares with and without endometritis are required and reference intervals in LVL samples have to be established.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Inflammatory chemokines and cytokines concentrations differed between healthy mares and mares with acute endometritis or CEF in LVL.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : USDA/NIFA Development of Equine Immune Reagents
ID : 2019-67015-29833
Organisme : Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine Research University
Informations de copyright
© 2024 EVJ Ltd.
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