Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Kenyans and South Africans with active convulsive epilepsy: An observational study.
Kenya
South Africa
brain abnormalities
diagnosis
mesial temporal sclerosis
Journal
Epilepsia
ISSN: 1528-1167
Titre abrégé: Epilepsia
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 2983306R
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
14 Nov 2023
14 Nov 2023
Historique:
revised:
10
11
2023
received:
21
05
2023
accepted:
10
11
2023
pubmed:
15
11
2023
medline:
15
11
2023
entrez:
15
11
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Focal epilepsy is common in low- and middle-income countries. The frequency and nature of possible underlying structural brain abnormalities have, however, not been fully assessed. We evaluated the possible structural causes of epilepsy in 331 people with epilepsy (240 from Kenya and 91 from South Africa) identified from community surveys of active convulsive epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired on 1.5-Tesla scanners to determine the frequency and nature of any underlying lesions. We estimated the prevalence of these abnormalities using Bayesian priors (from an earlier pilot study) and observed data (from this study). We used a mixed-effect modified Poisson regression approach with the site as a random effect to determine the clinical features associated with neuropathology. MRI abnormalities were found in 140 of 240 (modeled prevalence = 59%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 53%-64%) of people with epilepsy in Kenya, and in 62 of 91 (modeled prevalence = 65%, 95% CI: 57%-73%) in South Africa, with a pooled modeled prevalence of 61% (95% CI: 56%-66%). Abnormalities were common in those with a history of adverse perinatal events (15/23 [65%, 95% CI: 43%-84%]), exposure to parasitic infections (83/120 [69%, 95% CI: 60%-77%]) and focal electroencephalographic features (97/142 [68%, 95% CI: 60%-76%]), but less frequent in individuals with generalized electroencephalographic features (44/99 [44%, 95% CI: 34%-55%]). Most abnormalities were potentially epileptogenic (167/202, 82%), of which mesial temporal sclerosis (43%) and gliosis (34%) were the most frequent. Abnormalities were associated with co-occurrence of generalized non-convulsive seizures (relative risk [RR] = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.04-1.25), lack of family history of seizures (RR = 0.91, 0.86-0.96), convulsive status epilepticus (RR = 1.14, 1.08-1.21), frequent seizures (RR = 1.12, 1.04-1.20), and reported use of anti-seizure medication (RR = 1.22, 1.18-1.26). MRI identified pathologies are common in people with epilepsy in Kenya and South Africa. Mesial temporal sclerosis, the most common abnormality, may be amenable to surgical correction. MRI may have a diagnostic value in rural Africa, but future longitudinal studies should examine the prognostic role.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 083744
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : 099782/Z/12/Z
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Epilepsia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy.
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