Smart micro- and nanorobots for water purification.
Molecular machines and motors
Journal
Nature reviews bioengineering
ISSN: 2731-6092
Titre abrégé: Nat Rev Bioeng
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9918573886606676
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
accepted:
09
01
2023
medline:
18
4
2023
entrez:
17
4
2023
pubmed:
18
4
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Less than 1% of Earth's freshwater reserves is accessible. Industrialization, population growth and climate change are further exacerbating clean water shortage. Current water-remediation treatments fail to remove most pollutants completely or release toxic by-products into the environment. The use of self-propelled programmable micro- and nanoscale synthetic robots is a promising alternative way to improve water monitoring and remediation by overcoming diffusion-limited reactions and promoting interactions with target pollutants, including nano- and microplastics, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, oils and pathogenic microorganisms. This Review introduces the evolution of passive micro- and nanomaterials through active micro- and nanomotors and into advanced intelligent micro- and nanorobots in terms of motion ability, multifunctionality, adaptive response, swarming and mutual communication. After describing removal and degradation strategies, we present the most relevant improvements in water treatment, highlighting the design aspects necessary to improve remediation efficiency for specific contaminants. Finally, open challenges and future directions are discussed for the real-world application of smart micro- and nanorobots.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37064655
doi: 10.1038/s44222-023-00025-9
pii: 25
pmc: PMC9901418
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
236-251Informations de copyright
© Springer Nature Limited 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Competing interestsThe authors declare no competing interests.
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