Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disorders and COVID-19: Comorbid Pathogenesis.
COVID-19
atheroma
atherosclerosis
autoimmunity
cardiovascular system
cytokines
endothelium
inflammation
lipoproteins
renin-angiotensin system
vasa vasorum
Journal
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 2075-4418
Titre abrégé: Diagnostics (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101658402
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
28 Jan 2023
28 Jan 2023
Historique:
received:
14
12
2022
revised:
19
01
2023
accepted:
26
01
2023
entrez:
11
2
2023
pubmed:
12
2
2023
medline:
12
2
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The article describes how atherosclerosis and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) may affect each other. The features of this comorbid pathogenesis at various levels (vascular, cellular and molecular) are considered. A bidirectional influence of these conditions is described: the presence of cardiovascular diseases affects different individuals' susceptibility to viral infection. In turn, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can have a negative effect on the endothelium and cardiomyocytes, causing blood clotting, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus exacerbating the development of atherosclerosis. In addition to the established entry into cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), other mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry are currently under investigation, for example, through CD147. Pathogenesis of comorbidity can be determined by the influence of the virus on various links which are meaningful for atherogenesis: generation of oxidized forms of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), launch of a cytokine storm, damage to the endothelial glycocalyx, and mitochondrial injury. The transformation of a stable plaque into an unstable one plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis complications and can be triggered by COVID-19. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on large vessels such as the aorta is more complex than previously thought considering its impact on vasa vasorum. Current information on the mutual influence of the medicines used in the treatment of atherosclerosis and acute COVID-19 is briefly summarized.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36766583
pii: diagnostics13030478
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13030478
pmc: PMC9914751
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Subventions
Organisme : Russian Science Foundation
ID : 22-15-00113
Organisme : the Government of the Russian Federation
ID : 075-15-2022-1110
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