Bradykinin and Galectin-3 in Survived and Deceased Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: An Increasingly Promising Biochemical Target.
Journal
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
ISSN: 1942-0994
Titre abrégé: Oxid Med Cell Longev
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101479826
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2022
2022
Historique:
received:
06
06
2022
revised:
13
08
2022
accepted:
07
10
2022
entrez:
7
11
2022
pubmed:
8
11
2022
medline:
9
11
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
There are still no definite curative or preventive strategies for COVID-19 disease. It is crucial to fully comprehend the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection so that we can develop expedient pharmacological protocols. While the impact of cytokine storm on COVID-19 severity has been one of the most tested hypotheses, the role of bradykinin and various other oxidative stress markers has been relatively under-researched. Their levels can be determined immediately after a hospital admission so they could be used as early predictors of the further development of the disease. The study aims at evaluating the possibility of using bradykinin and galectin-3 levels as early predictors that COVID-19 disease will progress into a severe case. The patients who passed away were predominantly older men with comorbidities. We recorded higher CT scores in the deceased patients and the significantly higher levels of urea, creatinine, CK, troponine, CRP, and other laboratory markers. They stayed at the ICU unit longer and required mechanical ventilation more frequently than the patients who survived. On the other hand, no differences were recorded in the time periods passing from the onset of the systems to the hospital admissions. Finally, we can highlight several independent predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, including the following: (1) patients who are 50 or more years old, (2) with in-hospital stays are longer that 4 days, (3) bradykinin levels surpass 220000 pg/ml, (4) D-dimer, creatinine, and CRP are elevated, and (5) comorbidities were present (such as hypertension and diabetes). The present study strongly supports the bradykinin storm hypothesis. Since elevated bradykinin levels have been found in most COVID-19 cases with fatal outcomes, the future therapeutical strategies for COVID-19 have to be focused on reducing bradykinin serum concentrations.
Identifiants
pubmed: 36338343
doi: 10.1155/2022/7920915
pmc: PMC9633192
doi:
Substances chimiques
Bradykinin
S8TIM42R2W
Galectin 3
0
Creatinine
AYI8EX34EU
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
7920915Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2022 Tamara Nikolic Turnic et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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