Building Programs to Eradicate Toxoplasmosis Part I: Introduction and Overview.

Brazil Colombia France Morocco Panama United States congenital toxoplasmosis foundational work medical care public health pyrimethamine review student research sulfadiazine toxoplasmosis

Journal

Current pediatrics reports
ISSN: 2167-4841
Titre abrégé: Curr Pediatr Rep
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101600850

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
2022
Historique:
accepted: 29 04 2022
entrez: 29 8 2022
pubmed: 30 8 2022
medline: 30 8 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Review building of programs to eliminate Morbidity and mortality from toxoplasmosis led to programs in USA, Panama, and Colombia to facilitate understanding, treatment, prevention, and regional resources, incorporating student work. Studies foundational for building recent, regional approaches/programs are reviewed. Introduction provides an overview/review of programs in Panamá, the United States, and other countries. High prevalence/risk of exposure led to laws mandating testing in gestation, reporting, and development of broad-based teaching materials about The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-022-00269-w.

Identifiants

pubmed: 36034212
doi: 10.1007/s40124-022-00269-w
pii: 269
pmc: PMC9395898
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Pagination

57-92

Informations de copyright

© The Author(s) 2022.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Conflict of InterestDenis Limonne Pharm D, PhD and Raphael Piarroux Pharm D, PhD, are the owner and Scientists at LDBio. A patent application was submitted in the United States for the development of the whole blood point of care test with the scientists at the University of Chicago to insure its continued high-quality performance and reproducibility of the results described herein. In the United States and Panama in the more recent studies the LDBio kit was provided for the studies without charge by D Limonne. The Roche kit was provided without charge in Panama. For the predicate test costs for the comparison test for 70 consecutive persons for the feasibility clinical trial the cost of performing the Biorad IgG and IgM tests was provided by Kiphard Foundation. Kamal El Bissati is heading the initiatives to prevent toxoplasmosis in Morocco. Patents have been obtained for the medicine, anti-sense, vaccine, biomarker development work to facilitate their development toward clinical use and sustain availability if/when they are used in clinical practice. RMcLeod was reimbursed for time in performing a literature review concerning Spiramycin by Sanofi Pasteur in accordance with Sunshine laws. RMcLeod (with her colleagues) shared first prize merit award in the Alzgerm initiative to identify the highest quality and rigorously developed and described work demonstrating that a pathogen can initiate, progress and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, and that there can be effect of this chronic active infection on cognition, motor function and other disease processes. This monetary prize was used to further this ongoing work.Competing InterestsThere are no other disclosures and no competing interests.

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Auteurs

Mariangela Soberón Felín (MS)

Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Kanix Wang (K)

Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Aliya Moreira (A)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Andrew Grose (A)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Karen Leahy (K)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Ying Zhou (Y)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Fatima Alibana Clouser (FA)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Maryam Siddiqui (M)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Nicole Leong (N)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Perpetua Goodall (P)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Morgan Michalowski (M)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Mahmoud Ismail (M)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Monica Christmas (M)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Stephen Schrantz (S)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Zuleima Caballero (Z)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Ximena Norero (X)

Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Dora Estripeaut (D)

Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

David Ellis (D)

Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Catalina Raggi (C)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Catherine Castro (C)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Davina Moossazadeh (D)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Margarita Ramirez (M)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Abhinav Pandey (A)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Kevin Ashi (K)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Samantha Dovgin (S)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Ashtyn Dixon (A)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Xuan Li (X)

Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.

Ian Begeman (I)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Sharon Heichman (S)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Joseph Lykins (J)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Delba Villalobos-Cerrud (D)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Lorena Fabrega (L)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

José Luis Sanchez Montalvo (JLS)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Connie Mendivil (C)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Mario R Quijada (MR)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Silvia Fernández-Pirla (S)

Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Academia Interamericana de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Valli de La Guardia (V)

Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Digna Wong (D)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Mayrene Ladrón de Guevara (ML)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Carlos Flores (C)

Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Jovanna Borace (J)

Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Anabel García (A)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Natividad Caballero (N)

Hospital San Miguel Arcángel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Claudia Rengifo-Herrera (C)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Maria Theresa Moreno de Saez (MTM)

Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Michael Politis (M)

Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Kristen Wroblewski (K)

Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Theodore Karrison (T)

Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Stephanie Ross (S)

Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.

Mimansa Dogra (M)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Vishan Dhamsania (V)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Nicholas Graves (N)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Marci Kirchberg (M)

The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Kopal Mathur (K)

The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Ashley Aue (A)

The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Harris School of Public Policy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Carlos M Restrepo (CM)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Alejandro Llanes (A)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

German Guzman (G)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Arturo Rebellon (A)

Sanofi Aventis de Panamá S.A., University of South Florida, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Kenneth Boyer (K)

Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.

Peter Heydemann (P)

Rush University Medical School/Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA.

A Gwendolyn Noble (AG)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA.

Charles Swisher (C)

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA.

Peter Rabiah (P)

NorthShore Evanston Hospital, Evanston, IL USA.

Shawn Withers (S)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Teri Hull (T)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Chunlei Su (C)

Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA.

Michael Blair (M)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Paul Latkany (P)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Ernest Mui (E)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos-Santos (DV)

Universidad de Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil.

Alcibiades Villareal (A)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Ambar Perez (A)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Carlos Andrés Naranjo Galvis (CAN)

Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia.

Mónica Vargas Montes (MV)

Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia.

Nestor Ivan Cardona Perez (NIC)

Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia.

Morgan Ramirez (M)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Cy Chittenden (C)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Edward Wang (E)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Laura Lorena Garcia-López (LL)

Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia.

Juliana Muñoz-Ortiz (J)

Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.

Nicolás Rivera-Valdivia (N)

Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.

María Cristina Bohorquez-Granados (MC)

Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.

Gabriela Castaño de-la-Torre (GC)

Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.

Guillermo Padrieu (G)

The University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL USA.

Juan David Valencia Hernandez (JDV)

Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia.

Daniel Celis-Giraldo (D)

Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia.

Juan Alejandro Acosta Dávila (JAA)

Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.

Elizabeth Torres (E)

Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia.

Manuela Mejia Oquendo (MM)

Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia.

José Y Arteaga-Rivera (JY)

Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.

Dan L Nicolae (DL)

Department of Statistics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Andrey Rzhetsky (A)

Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Nancy Roizen (N)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Eileen Stillwaggon (E)

Department of Economics, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA USA.

Larry Sawers (L)

Department of Economics, American University, Washington, D.C. USA.

Francois Peyron (F)

Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France.

Martine Wallon (M)

Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France.

Emanuelle Chapey (E)

Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France.

Pauline Levigne (P)

Institut des agents infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France.

Carmen Charter (C)

Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Migdalia De Frias (M)

Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Jose Montoya (J)

Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA USA.

Cindy Press (C)

Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA USA.

Raymund Ramirez (R)

Remington Specialty Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA USA.

Despina Contopoulos-Ioannidis (D)

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA.

Yvonne Maldonado (Y)

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA.

Oliver Liesenfeld (O)

Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Pleasanton, CA USA.

Carlos Gomez (C)

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University College of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA.

Kelsey Wheeler (K)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Ellen Holfels (E)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

David Frim (D)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

David McLone (D)

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA.

Richard Penn (R)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

William Cohen (W)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Samantha Zehar (S)

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA.

James McAuley (J)

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Denis Limonne (D)

LDBioDiagnostics, Lyon, France.

Sandrine Houze (S)

Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.

Sylvie Abraham (S)

Laboratory of Parasitologie, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.

Raphael Piarroux (R)

LDBioDiagnostics, Lyon, France.

Vera Tesic (V)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Kathleen Beavis (K)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Ana Abeleda (A)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Mari Sautter (M)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Bouchra El Mansouri (B)

INH, Rabat, Morocco.

Adlaoui El Bachir (A)

INH, Rabat, Morocco.

Fatima Amarir (F)

Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco.

Kamal El Bissati (K)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
INH, Rabat, Morocco.

Alejandra de-la-Torre (A)

Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.

Gabrielle Britton (G)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Member of the Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama.

Jorge Motta (J)

Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Eduardo Ortega-Barria (E)

Member of the Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama.
Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
GSK Vaccines, Panamá, Panamá.

Isabel Luz Romero (IL)

Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.

Paul Meier (P)

Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Michael Grigg (M)

Molecular Parasitology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA.

Jorge Gómez-Marín (J)

Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia.

Jagannatha Rao Kosagisharaf (JR)

Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología AIP (INDICASAT-AIP), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Member of the Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama.

Xavier Sáez Llorens (XS)

Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases/Department of Neonatology, Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Member of the Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama.

Osvaldo Reyes (O)

Hospital Santo Tomás, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Member of the Sistema Nacional de investigadores de Panamá (SNI), Ciudad de Panamá, Panama.

Rima McLeod (R)

Toxoplasmosis Programs and Initiatives in Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.
Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
The Global Health Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.
Toxoplasmosis Center, The University of Chicago and Toxoplasmosis Research Institute, Chicago, IL USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Classifications MeSH