Measurement of the Sixth-Order Cumulant of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=27, 54.4, and 200 GeV at RHIC.

Journal

Physical review letters
ISSN: 1079-7114
Titre abrégé: Phys Rev Lett
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401141

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
24 Dec 2021
Historique:
received: 31 05 2021
revised: 19 08 2021
accepted: 11 11 2021
entrez: 14 1 2022
pubmed: 15 1 2022
medline: 15 1 2022
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

According to first-principle lattice QCD calculations, the transition from quark-gluon plasma to hadronic matter is a smooth crossover in the region μ_{B}≤T_{c}. In this range the ratio, C_{6}/C_{2}, of net-baryon distributions are predicted to be negative. In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the midrapidity net-proton C_{6}/C_{2} from 27, 54.4, and 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The dependence on collision centrality and kinematic acceptance in (p_{T}, y) are analyzed. While for 27 and 54.4 GeV collisions the C_{6}/C_{2} values are close to zero within uncertainties, it is observed that for 200 GeV collisions, the C_{6}/C_{2} ratio becomes progressively negative from peripheral to central collisions. Transport model calculations without critical dynamics predict mostly positive values except for the most central collisions within uncertainties. These observations seem to favor a smooth crossover in the high-energy nuclear collisions at top RHIC energy.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262301 PMID: 35029466
pubmed: 35029466
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.262301
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

262301

Auteurs

M S Abdallah (MS)

American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt.

J Adam (J)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

L Adamczyk (L)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

J R Adams (JR)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

J K Adkins (JK)

University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.

G Agakishiev (G)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

I Aggarwal (I)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

M M Aggarwal (MM)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

Z Ahammed (Z)

Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.

I Alekseev (I)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia.
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

D M Anderson (DM)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

A Aparin (A)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

E C Aschenauer (EC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

M U Ashraf (MU)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

F G Atetalla (FG)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

A Attri (A)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

G S Averichev (GS)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

V Bairathi (V)

Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.

W Baker (W)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

J G Ball Cap (JG)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.

K Barish (K)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

A Behera (A)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

R Bellwied (R)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.

P Bhagat (P)

University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

A Bhasin (A)

University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

J Bielcik (J)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

J Bielcikova (J)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

I G Bordyuzhin (IG)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia.

J D Brandenburg (JD)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A V Brandin (AV)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

I Bunzarov (I)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

J Butterworth (J)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

X Z Cai (XZ)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

H Caines (H)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

M Calderón de la Barca Sánchez (M)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

D Cebra (D)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

I Chakaberia (I)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

P Chaloupka (P)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

B K Chan (BK)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

F-H Chang (FH)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.

Z Chang (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

N Chankova-Bunzarova (N)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

A Chatterjee (A)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

S Chattopadhyay (S)

Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India.

D Chen (D)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

J Chen (J)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

J H Chen (JH)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

X Chen (X)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Z Chen (Z)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

J Cheng (J)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

M Chevalier (M)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

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Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

H J Crawford (HJ)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

M Csanád (M)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117.

M Daugherity (M)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699.

T G Dedovich (TG)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

I M Deppner (IM)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

A A Derevschikov (AA)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

A Dhamija (A)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

L Di Carlo (L)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

J L Drachenberg (JL)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699.

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Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

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University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

G Eppley (G)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

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University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

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University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

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Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

R Fatemi (R)

University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.

F M Fawzi (FM)

American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

C J Feng (CJ)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.

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Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

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Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

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AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

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Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

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Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.

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Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

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Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

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Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.

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Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.

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Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

D Grosnick (D)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.

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University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India.

W Guryn (W)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A I Hamad (AI)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

A Hamed (A)

American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt.

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Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

S Harabasz (S)

Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.

M D Harasty (MD)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

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Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

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University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

W He (W)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

X H He (XH)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

Y He (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

S Heppelmann (S)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

S Heppelmann (S)

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.

N Herrmann (N)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

E Hoffman (E)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.

L Holub (L)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

Y Hu (Y)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

H Huang (H)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.

H Z Huang (HZ)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

S L Huang (SL)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

T Huang (T)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.

X Huang (X)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Y Huang (Y)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

T J Humanic (TJ)

Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

G Igo (G)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

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Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699.

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Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

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Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

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University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

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University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

E G Judd (EG)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

S Kabana (S)

Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.

M L Kabir (ML)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

S Kagamaster (S)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

D Kalinkin (D)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

K Kang (K)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

D Kapukchyan (D)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

K Kauder (K)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

H W Ke (HW)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

D Keane (D)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

A Kechechyan (A)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

Y V Khyzhniak (YV)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

D P Kikoła (DP)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

C Kim (C)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

B Kimelman (B)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

D Kincses (D)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117.

I Kisel (I)

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

A Kiselev (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A G Knospe (AG)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

L Kochenda (L)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

L K Kosarzewski (LK)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

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Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

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National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

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Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

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Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

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Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

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Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

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State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

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Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

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University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

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Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

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University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

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Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

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University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

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Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

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Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

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Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

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Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

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Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

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State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

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Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

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Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210.

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Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

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University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

R S Longacre (RS)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

E Loyd (E)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

N S Lukow (NS)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

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Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

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Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

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Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

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University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

R Majka (R)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

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National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

S Margetis (S)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

C Markert (C)

University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

J A Mazer (JA)

Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

N G Minaev (NG)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

S Mioduszewski (S)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

B Mohanty (B)

National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

M M Mondal (MM)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

I Mooney (I)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

D A Morozov (DA)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

A Mukherjee (A)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117.

M Nagy (M)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117.

J D Nam (JD)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

Md Nasim (M)

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India.

K Nayak (K)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

D Neff (D)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

J M Nelson (JM)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

D B Nemes (DB)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

M Nie (M)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

G Nigmatkulov (G)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

T Niida (T)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

R Nishitani (R)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

L V Nogach (LV)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

T Nonaka (T)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

A S Nunes (AS)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

G Odyniec (G)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

A Ogawa (A)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

S Oh (S)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

V A Okorokov (VA)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

B S Page (BS)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

R Pak (R)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

A Pandav (A)

National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India.

A K Pandey (AK)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

Y Panebratsev (Y)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

P Parfenov (P)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

B Pawlik (B)

Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland.

D Pawlowska (D)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

H Pei (H)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

C Perkins (C)

University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

L Pinsky (L)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.

R L Pintér (RL)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117.

J Pluta (J)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

B R Pokhrel (BR)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

G Ponimatkin (G)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

M Posik (M)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

V Prozorova (V)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

N K Pruthi (NK)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

M Przybycien (M)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

J Putschke (J)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

H Qiu (H)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

A Quintero (A)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

C Racz (C)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

S K Radhakrishnan (SK)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

N Raha (N)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

R L Ray (RL)

University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.

R Reed (R)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

H G Ritter (HG)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

M Robotkova (M)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

O V Rogachevskiy (OV)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

J L Romero (JL)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

L Ruan (L)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

J Rusnak (J)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

N R Sahoo (NR)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

H Sako (H)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

S Salur (S)

Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.

J Sandweiss (J)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

S Sato (S)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

W B Schmidke (WB)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

N Schmitz (N)

Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.

B R Schweid (BR)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

F Seck (F)

Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.

J Seger (J)

Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.

M Sergeeva (M)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

R Seto (R)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

P Seyboth (P)

Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany.

N Shah (N)

Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India.

E Shahaliev (E)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

P V Shanmuganathan (PV)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

M Shao (M)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

T Shao (T)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

A I Sheikh (AI)

Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242.

D Shen (D)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

S S Shi (SS)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Y Shi (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Q Y Shou (QY)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

E P Sichtermann (EP)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

R Sikora (R)

AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland.

M Simko (M)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

J Singh (J)

Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

S Singha (S)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

M J Skoby (MJ)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

N Smirnov (N)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

Y Söhngen (Y)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

W Solyst (W)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

P Sorensen (P)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

H M Spinka (HM)

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439.

B Srivastava (B)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

T D S Stanislaus (TDS)

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383.

M Stefaniak (M)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

D J Stewart (DJ)

Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520.

M Strikhanov (M)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

B Stringfellow (B)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

A A P Suaide (AAP)

Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970.

M Sumbera (M)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

B Summa (B)

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.

X M Sun (XM)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

X Sun (X)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

Y Sun (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Sun (Y)

Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000.

B Surrow (B)

Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122.

D N Svirida (DN)

Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russia.

Z W Sweger (ZW)

University of California, Davis, California 95616.

P Szymanski (P)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

A H Tang (AH)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Z Tang (Z)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

A Taranenko (A)

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia.

T Tarnowsky (T)

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.

J H Thomas (JH)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

A R Timmins (AR)

University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204.

D Tlusty (D)

Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178.

T Todoroki (T)

University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.

M Tokarev (M)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

C A Tomkiel (CA)

Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015.

S Trentalange (S)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

R E Tribble (RE)

Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.

P Tribedy (P)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

S K Tripathy (SK)

ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117.

T Truhlar (T)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

B A Trzeciak (BA)

Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic.

O D Tsai (OD)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

Z Tu (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

T Ullrich (T)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

D G Underwood (DG)

Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439.

I Upsal (I)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.
Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

G Van Buren (G)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

J Vanek (J)

Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic.

A N Vasiliev (AN)

NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

I Vassiliev (I)

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

V Verkest (V)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

F Videbæk (F)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

S Vokal (S)

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia.

S A Voloshin (SA)

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201.

F Wang (F)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

G Wang (G)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

J S Wang (JS)

Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000.

P Wang (P)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Wang (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Y Wang (Y)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Z Wang (Z)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

J C Webb (JC)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

P C Weidenkaff (PC)

University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.

L Wen (L)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

G D Westfall (GD)

Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.

H Wieman (H)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

S W Wissink (SW)

Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408.

J Wu (J)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

Y Wu (Y)

University of California, Riverside, California 92521.

B Xi (B)

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800.

Z G Xiao (ZG)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

G Xie (G)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

W Xie (W)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

H Xu (H)

Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000.

N Xu (N)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

Q H Xu (QH)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Y Xu (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Z Xu (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Z Xu (Z)

University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.

C Yang (C)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

Q Yang (Q)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

S Yang (S)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

Y Yang (Y)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.

Z Ye (Z)

Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251.

Z Ye (Z)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

L Yi (L)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

K Yip (K)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Y Yu (Y)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

H Zbroszczyk (H)

Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland.

W Zha (W)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

C Zhang (C)

State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794.

D Zhang (D)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

J Zhang (J)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

S Zhang (S)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

S Zhang (S)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

X P Zhang (XP)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Y Zhang (Y)

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000.

Y Zhang (Y)

University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026.

Y Zhang (Y)

Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079.

Z J Zhang (ZJ)

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101.

Z Zhang (Z)

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973.

Z Zhang (Z)

University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607.

J Zhao (J)

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907.

C Zhou (C)

Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433.

X Zhu (X)

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084.

Z Zhu (Z)

Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237.

M Zurek (M)

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.

M Zyzak (M)

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.

Classifications MeSH