Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors.

Journal

Physical review letters
ISSN: 1079-7114
Titre abrégé: Phys Rev Lett
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401141

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
10 Dec 2021
Historique:
received: 22 09 2021
accepted: 27 10 2021
entrez: 24 12 2021
pubmed: 25 12 2021
medline: 25 12 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current and future gravitational-wave detectors is calculated statistically given different point absorber configurations. Our formulation is further confirmed experimentally in comparison with the scattered power in the arm cavity of Advanced LIGO measured by in situ photodiodes. The understanding presented here provides an important tool in the global effort to design future gravitational-wave detectors that support high optical power and thus reduce quantum noise.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102 PMID: 34951783
pubmed: 34951783
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.241102
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

241102

Auteurs

Wenxuan Jia (W)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Hiroaki Yamamoto (H)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Kevin Kuns (K)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Anamaria Effler (A)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

Matthew Evans (M)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Peter Fritschel (P)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

R Abbott (R)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

C Adams (C)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

R X Adhikari (RX)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

A Ananyeva (A)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

S Appert (S)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

K Arai (K)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

J S Areeda (JS)

California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA.

Y Asali (Y)

Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

S M Aston (SM)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

C Austin (C)

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

A M Baer (AM)

Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.

M Ball (M)

University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.

S W Ballmer (SW)

Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.

S Banagiri (S)

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.

D Barker (D)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

L Barsotti (L)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

J Bartlett (J)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

B K Berger (BK)

Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

J Betzwieser (J)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

D Bhattacharjee (D)

Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA.

G Billingsley (G)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

S Biscans (S)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

C D Blair (CD)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

R M Blair (RM)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

N Bode (N)

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.

P Booker (P)

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.

R Bork (R)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

A Bramley (A)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

A F Brooks (AF)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

D D Brown (DD)

OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.

A Buikema (A)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

C Cahillane (C)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

K C Cannon (KC)

RESCEU, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

X Chen (X)

OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.

A A Ciobanu (AA)

OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.

F Clara (F)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

C M Compton (CM)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

S J Cooper (SJ)

University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

K R Corley (KR)

Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

S T Countryman (ST)

Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

P B Covas (PB)

Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3-IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.

D C Coyne (DC)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

L E H Datrier (LEH)

SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

D Davis (D)

Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.

C Di Fronzo (C)

University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

K L Dooley (KL)

Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA.

J C Driggers (JC)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

P Dupej (P)

SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

S E Dwyer (SE)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

T Etzel (T)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

T M Evans (TM)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

J Feicht (J)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

A Fernandez-Galiana (A)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

V V Frolov (VV)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

P Fulda (P)

University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.

M Fyffe (M)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

J A Giaime (JA)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

K D Giardina (KD)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

P Godwin (P)

The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

E Goetz (E)

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA.
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.

S Gras (S)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

C Gray (C)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

R Gray (R)

SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

A C Green (AC)

University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.

E K Gustafson (EK)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

R Gustafson (R)

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

E D Hall (ED)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

J Hanks (J)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

J Hanson (J)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

T Hardwick (T)

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

R K Hasskew (RK)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

M C Heintze (MC)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

A F Helmling-Cornell (AF)

University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.

N A Holland (NA)

OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.

J D Jones (JD)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

S Kandhasamy (S)

Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India.

S Karki (S)

University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.

M Kasprzack (M)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

K Kawabe (K)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

N Kijbunchoo (N)

OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.

P J King (PJ)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

J S Kissel (JS)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

Rahul Kumar (R)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

M Landry (M)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

B B Lane (BB)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

B Lantz (B)

Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

M Laxen (M)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

Y K Lecoeuche (YK)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

J Leviton (J)

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

J Liu (J)

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.

M Lormand (M)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

A P Lundgren (AP)

University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom.

R Macas (R)

Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.

M MacInnis (M)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

D M Macleod (DM)

Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.

G L Mansell (GL)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

S Márka (S)

Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

Z Márka (Z)

Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

D V Martynov (DV)

University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

K Mason (K)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

T J Massinger (TJ)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

F Matichard (F)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

N Mavalvala (N)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

R McCarthy (R)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

D E McClelland (DE)

OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.

S McCormick (S)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

L McCuller (L)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

J McIver (J)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.

T McRae (T)

OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.

G Mendell (G)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

K Merfeld (K)

University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.

E L Merilh (EL)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

F Meylahn (F)

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.

T Mistry (T)

The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.

R Mittleman (R)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

G Moreno (G)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

C M Mow-Lowry (CM)

University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

S Mozzon (S)

University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom.

A Mullavey (A)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

T J N Nelson (TJN)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

P Nguyen (P)

University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.

L K Nuttall (LK)

University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom.

J Oberling (J)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

Richard J Oram (RJ)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

C Osthelder (C)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

D J Ottaway (DJ)

OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.

H Overmier (H)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

J R Palamos (JR)

University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.

W Parker (W)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.
Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.

E Payne (E)

OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.

A Pele (A)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

R Penhorwood (R)

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

C J Perez (CJ)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

M Pirello (M)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

H Radkins (H)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

K E Ramirez (KE)

The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA.

J W Richardson (JW)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

K Riles (K)

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

N A Robertson (NA)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

J G Rollins (JG)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

C L Romel (CL)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

J H Romie (JH)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

M P Ross (MP)

University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

K Ryan (K)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

T Sadecki (T)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

E J Sanchez (EJ)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

L E Sanchez (LE)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

T R Saravanan (TR)

Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India.

R L Savage (RL)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

D Schaetzl (D)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

R Schnabel (R)

Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.

R M S Schofield (RMS)

University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA.

E Schwartz (E)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

D Sellers (D)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

T Shaffer (T)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

D Sigg (D)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

B J J Slagmolen (BJJ)

OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.

J R Smith (JR)

California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA.

S Soni (S)

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

B Sorazu (B)

SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

A P Spencer (AP)

SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

K A Strain (KA)

SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

L Sun (L)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

M J Szczepańczyk (MJ)

University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.

M Thomas (M)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

P Thomas (P)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

K A Thorne (KA)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

K Toland (K)

SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.

C I Torrie (CI)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

G Traylor (G)

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA.

M Tse (M)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

A L Urban (AL)

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

G Vajente (G)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

G Valdes (G)

Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.

D C Vander-Hyde (DC)

Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.

P J Veitch (PJ)

OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.

K Venkateswara (K)

University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

G Venugopalan (G)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

A D Viets (AD)

Concordia University Wisconsin, 2800 North Lake Shore Drive, Mequon, Wisconsin 53097, USA.

T Vo (T)

Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.

C Vorvick (C)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

M Wade (M)

Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA.

R L Ward (RL)

OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.

J Warner (J)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

B Weaver (B)

LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.

R Weiss (R)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

C Whittle (C)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

B Willke (B)

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.

C C Wipf (CC)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

L Xiao (L)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Hang Yu (H)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Haocun Yu (H)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

L Zhang (L)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

M E Zucker (ME)

LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

J Zweizig (J)

LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Classifications MeSH