Effects of active video games on physical function in independent community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
ageing
exergame
health game
nursing
older adults
physical function
Journal
Journal of advanced nursing
ISSN: 1365-2648
Titre abrégé: J Adv Nurs
Pays: England
ID NLM: 7609811
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
May 2022
May 2022
Historique:
revised:
25
08
2021
received:
21
05
2021
accepted:
09
12
2021
pubmed:
23
12
2021
medline:
27
4
2022
entrez:
22
12
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
To analyse the effects of active video games on physical function in independent community-dwelling older adults. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The CINAHL, LILACS, Medline, Proquest and Scopus databases were consulted, with no restriction by year of publication. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software. The analysis included 22 randomized controlled trials with a total of 1208 participants (all ≥55 years old). In our meta-analyses, the effects produced by playing the active video games (mean differences) were statistically significant for the variables Gait speed and Timed up-and-go. The differences between the control and experimental groups were not significant in the following tests: 6-minute walk, 30-second chair stand, balance (measured with the Berg Balance Scale), cadence, grip strength, knee extension strength, 8-Foot Up-and-Go or velocity. Physical exercise from participation in active video games has beneficial effects on two clinical parameters (Gait speed and Timed up-and-go) in independent community-dwelling older adults. However, the effects on other parameters do not differ from those obtained with conventional exercise training. Therefore, the clinical significance of these benefits is limited. Older adults usually perform little physical activity. In consequence, researchers have increasingly considered alternatives to traditional forms of exercise. One such is that provided by active video games, which can be a source of stimulation, encouraging adherence and motivation in exercise programmes. Our review shows that active video games can improve gait speed and mobility, but in other respects obtain no differences from conventional exercises. Further tailored randomized clinical trials should be undertaken with diverse populations of older adults to evaluate different physical function variables to determine the most appropriate training approach and its optimal design and duration.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Meta-Analysis
Review
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1228-1244Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Références
Adcock, M., Fankhauser, M., Post, J., Lutz, K., Zizlsperger, L., Luft, A. R., Guimarães, V., Schättin, A., & de Bruin, E. D. (2020). Effects of an in-home multicomponent exergame training on physical functions, cognition, and brain volume of older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Medicine, 6, 321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00321
Anderson-Hanley, C., Arciero, P. J., Westen, S. C., Nimon, J., & Zimmerman, E. (2012). Neuropsychological benefits of stationary bike exercise and a cybercycle exergame for older adults with diabetes: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 6(4), 849-857. https://doi.org/10.1177/193229681200600416
Bacha, J. M. R., Gomes, G. C. V., De Freitas, T. B., Viveiro, L. A. P., Da Silva, K. G., Bueno, G. C., Varise, E. M., Torriani-Pasin, C., Alonso, A. C., Luna, N. M. S., D’andrea Greve, J. M., & Pompeu, J. E. (2018). Effects of kinect adventures games versus conventional physical therapy on postural control in elderly people: A randomized controlled trial. Games for Health Journal, 7(1), 24-36. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2017.0065
Bieryla, K. A., & Dold, N. M. (2013). Feasibility of Wii Fit training to improve clinical measures of balance in older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 8, 775-781. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S46164
Cacciata, M., Stromberg, A., Lee, J. A., Sorkin, D., Lombardo, D., Clancy, S., Nyamathi, A., & Evangelista, L. S. (2019). Effect of exergaming on health-related quality of life in older adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 93, 30-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.01.010
Cao, X., Hou, Y., Zhang, X., Xu, C., Jia, P., Sun, X., Sun, L., Gao, Y., Yang, H., Cui, Z., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2020). A comparative, correlate analysis and projection of global and regional life expectancy, healthy life expectancy, and their GAP: 1995-2025. Journal of Global Health, 10(2), 1995-2025. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020407
Chan, J. K. Y., Klainin-Yobas, P., Chi, Y., Gan, J. K. E., Chow, G., & Wu, X. V. (2021). The effectiveness of e-interventions on fall, neuromuscular functions and quality of life in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 113, 103784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103784
Chao, Y. Y., Scherer, Y. K., Montgomery, C. A., Wu, Y. W., & Lucke, K. T. (2015). Physical and psychosocial effects of Wii Fit exergames use in assisted living residents: A pilot study. Clinical Nursing Research, 24(6), 589-603. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773814562880
Choi, S., Guo, L., Kang, D., & Xiong, S. (2017). Exergame technology and interactive interventions for elderly fall prevention: A systematic literature review. Applied Ergonomics, 65, 570-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APERGO.2016.10.013
Chow, D. H. K., & Mann, S. K. F. (2015). Effect of cyber-golfing on balance amongst the elderly in Hong Kong: A pilot randomised trial. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, 26, 9-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hkjot.2015.08.001
Chu, C., Biss, R., Cooper, L., Quan, A., & Matulis, H. (2021). Exergaming platform for older adults residing in long-term care homes: User-centered design, development, and usability study. JMIR Serious Games, 9(1), e22370. https://doi.org/10.2196/22370
Corregidor-Sánchez, A. I., Segura-Fragoso, A., Criado-álvarez, J. J., Rodríguez-Hernández, M., Mohedano-Moriano, A., & Polonio-López, B. (2020). Effectiveness of virtual reality systems to improve the activities of daily life in older people. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176283
Daniel, K. (2012). Wii-hab for pre-frail older adults. Rehabilitation Nursing, 37(4), 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnj.25
DeSmet, A., Van Ryckeghem, D., Compernolle, S., Baranowski, T., Thompson, D., Crombez, G., Poels, K., Van Lippevelde, W., Bastiaensens, S., Van Cleemput, K., Vandebosch, H., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2014). A meta-analysis of serious digital games for healthy lifestyle promotion. Preventive Medicine, 69, 95-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.08.026
Dockx, K., Bekkers, E. M. J., Van den Bergh, V., Ginis, P., Rochester, L., Hausdorff, J. M., Mirelman, A., & Nieuwboer, A. (2016). Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12, CD010760. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010760.pub2
Drazich, B. F., Lafave, S., Crane, B. M., Szanton, S. L., Carlson, M. C., Budhathoki, C., & Taylor, J. L. (2020). Exergames and depressive symptoms in older adults: A systematic review. Games for Health Journal, 9(5), 339-345. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2019.0165
Duque, G., Boersma, D., Loza-Diaz, G., Hassan, S., Suarez, H., Geisinger, D., Suriyaarachchi, P., Sharma, A., & Demontiero, O. (2013). Effects of balance training using a virtual-reality system in older fallers. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 8, 257-263. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S41453
Eggenberger, P., Theill, N., Holenstein, S., Schumacher, V., & de Bruin, E. D. (2015). Multicomponent physical exercise with simultaneous cognitive training to enhance dual-task walking of older adults: A secondary analysis of a 6-month randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10, 1711-1732. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S91997
Fakhro, M., Hadchiti, R., & Awad, B. (2020). Effects of Nintendo Wii fit game training on balance among Lebanese older adults. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 32, 2271-2278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01425-x
Fang, Q., Ghanouni, P., Anderson, S. E., Touchett, H., Shirley, R., Fang, F., & Fang, C. (2020). Effects of exergaming on balance of healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Games for Health Journal, 9(1), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2019.0016
Foster, C., Richards, J., Thorogood, M., & Hillsdon, M. (2013). Remote and web 2.0 interventions for promoting physical activity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9, CD010395. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010395.pub2
Franco, J. R., Jacobs, K., Inzerillo, C., & Kluzik, J. (2012). The effect of the Nintendo Wii Fit and exercise in improving balance and quality of life in community dwelling elders. Technology and Health Care, 20(2), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-2011-0661
Fu, A. S., Gao, K. L., Tung, A. K., Tsang, W. W., & Kwan, M. M. (2015). Effectiveness of exergaming training in reducing risk and incidence of falls in frail older adults with a history of falls. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96(12), 2096-2102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2015.08.427
Gallou-Guyot, M., Mandigout, S., Bherer, L., & Perrochon, A. (2020). Effects of exergames and cognitive-motor dual-task training on cognitive, physical and dual-task functions in cognitively healthy older adults: An overview. Ageing Research Reviews, 63, 101135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101135
Gopinath, B., Kifley, A., Flood, V. M., & Mitchell, P. (2018). Physical activity as a determinant of successful aging over ten years. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28526-3
Goršič, M., Cikajlo, I., & Novak, D. (2017). Competitive and cooperative arm rehabilitation games played by a patient and unimpaired person: Effects on motivation and exercise intensity. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 14(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12984-017-0231-4
Gschwind, Y. J., Schoene, D., Lord, S. R., Ejupi, A., Valenzuela, T., Aal, K., Woodbury, A., & Delbaere, K. (2015). The effect of sensor-based exercise at home on functional performance associated with fall risk in older people-A comparison of two exergame interventions. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 12, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-015-0156-5
Helbostad, J. L., Vereijken, B., Becker, C., Todd, C., Taraldsen, K., Pijnappels, M., Aminian, K., & Mellone, S. (2017). Mobile health applications to promote active and healthy ageing. Sensors, 17(3), 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030622
Higgins, J. P. T., & Green, S. (2011). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of interventions. Version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration. www.cochrane-handbook.org (accessed 1.04.21).
Howick, J., Chalmers, I., Glasziou, P., Greenhalg, T., Heneghan, C., Liberati, A., Moschetti, I., Phillips, B., & Thornton, H. (2011). The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence. https://www.cebm.net/2016/05/ocebm-levels-of-evidence (accessed 2.04.21)
Hughes, T. F., Flatt, J. D., Fu, B., Butters, M. A., Chang, C. C. H., & Ganguli, M. (2014). Interactive video gaming compared with health education in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A feasibility study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(9), 890-898. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4075
Iizuka, A., Suzuki, H., Ogawa, S., Kobayashi-Cuya, K. E., Kobayashi, M., Inagaki, H., Sugiyama, M., Awata, S., Takebayashi, T., & Fujiwara, Y. (2019). Does social interaction influence the effect of cognitive intervention program? A randomized controlled trial using Go game. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(2), 324-332. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5024
Jorgensen, M. G., Laessoe, U., Hendriksen, C., Nielsen, O. B. F., & Aagaard, P. (2013). Efficacy of nintendo wii training on mechanical leg muscle function and postural balance in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 68(7), 845-852. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls222
Karahan, A. Y., Tok, F., Taşkın, H., Küçüksaraç, S., Başaran, A., & Yildirim, P. (2015). Effects of exergames on balance, functional mobility, and quality of life of geriatrics versus home exercise programme: Randomized controlled study. Central European Journal of Public Health, 23, S14-S18. https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4081
Kohl, H. W., Craig, C. L., Lambert, E. V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J. R., Leetongin, G., Kahlmeier, S., Andersen, L. B., Bauman, A. E., Blair, S. N., Brownson, R. C., Bull, F. C., Ekelund, U., Goenka, S., Guthold, R., Hallal, P. C., Haskell, W. L., Heath, G. W., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Wells, J. C. (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: Global action for public health. The Lancet, 380(9838), 294-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60898-8
Ku, J., Kim, Y. J., Cho, S., Lim, T., Lee, H. S., & Kang, Y. J. (2019). Three-dimensional augmented reality system for balance and mobility rehabilitation in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(2), 132-141. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0261
Kwok, B. C., & Pua, Y. H. (2016). Effects of WiiActive exercises on fear of falling and functional outcomes in community-dwelling older adults: A randomised control trial. Age and Ageing, 45(5), 621-628. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afw108
Lai, C. H., Peng, C. W., Chen, Y. L., Huang, C. P., Hsiao, Y. L., & Chen, S. C. (2013). Effects of interactive video-game based system exercise on the balance of the elderly. Gait and Posture, 37(4), 511-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.09.003
Lee, A., Biggan, J. R., Taylor, W., & Ray, C. (2014). The effects of a Nintendo Wii exercise intervention on gait in older adults. Activities, Adaptation and Aging, 38(1), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2013.878874
Li, J., Erdt, M., Chen, L., Cao, Y., Lee, S. Q., & Theng, Y. L. (2018). The social effects of exergames on older adults: Systematic review and metric analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(6), e10486. https://doi.org/10.2196/10486
Liao, Y. Y., Chen, I. H., & Wang, R. Y. (2019). Effects of Kinect-based exergaming on frailty status and physical performance in prefrail and frail elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 9353. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45767-y
Maillot, P., Perrot, A., & Hartley, A. (2012). Effects of interactive physical-activity video-game training on physical and cognitive function in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 27(3), 589-600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026268
Meekes, W., & Stanmore, E. K. (2017). Motivational determinants of exergame participation for older people in assisted living facilities: Mixed-methods study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(7), e238. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6841
Mihelj, M., Novak, D., Milavec, M., Ziherl, J., Olenšek, A., & Munih, M. (2012). Virtual rehabilitation environment using principles of intrinsic motivation and game design. Presence, 21(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1162/PRES_A_00078
Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., & Stewart, L. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
Molina, K. I., Ricci, N. A., de Moraes, S. A., & Perracini, M. R. (2014). Virtual reality using games for improving physical functioning in older adults: A systematic review. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 11(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-11-156
Montero-Alía, P., Miralles-Basseda, R., López-Jiménez, T., Muñoz-Ortiz, L., Jiménez-González, M., Prat-Rovira, J., Albarrán-Sánchez, J. L., Manresa-Domínguez, J. M., Andreu-Concha, C. M., Rodríguez-Pérez, M. C., Martí-Cervantes, J. J., Sañudo-Blanco, L., Sánchez-Pérez, C. A., Dolader-Olivé, S., & Torán-Monserrat, P. (2019). Controlled trial of balance training using a video game console in community-dwelling older adults. Age and Ageing, 48(4), 506-512. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz047
Nakano, M. M., Otonari, T. S., Takara, K. S., Carmo, C. M., & Tanaka, C. (2014). Physical performance, balance, mobility, and muscle strength decline at different rates in elderly people. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(4), 583-586. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.583
Nicholson, V. P., McKean, M., Lowe, J., Fawcett, C., & Burkett, B. (2015). Six weeks of unsupervised Nintendo Wii Fit gaming is effective at improving balance in independent older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 23(1), 153-158. https://doi.org/10.1123/JAPA.2013-0148
Nyman, S. R., & Victor, C. R. (2012). Older people’s participation in and engagement with falls prevention interventions in community settings: An augment to the Cochrane systematic review. Age and Ageing, 41(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afr103
Orsega-Smith, E., Davis, J., Slavish, K., & Gimbutas, L. (2012). Wii Fit balance intervention in community-dwelling older adults. Games for Health Journal, 1(6), 431-435. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2012.0043
Pacheco, T. B. F., de Medeiros, C. S. P., de Oliveira, V. H. B., Vieira, E. R., & de Cavalcanti, F. A. C. (2020). Effectiveness of exergames for improving mobility and balance in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews, 9(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13643-020-01421-7
Park, J., & Yim, J. E. (2015). A new approach to improve cognition, muscle strength, and postural balance in community-dwelling elderly with a 3-D virtual reality Kayak program. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 238(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.238.1
Patrizio, E., Calvani, R., Marzetti, E., & Cesari, M. (2021). Physical functional assessment in older adults. The Journal of Frailty and Aging, 10(2), 141-149. https://doi.org/10.14283/JFA.2020.61
Pichierri, G., Murer, K., & De Bruin, E. D. (2012). A cognitive-motor intervention using a dance video game to enhance foot placement accuracy and gait under dual task conditions in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics, 12, 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-12-74
Pirovano, M., Surer, E., Mainetti, R., Lanzi, P. L., & Alberto Borghese, N. (2016). Exergaming and rehabilitation: A methodology for the design of effective and safe therapeutic exergames. Entertainment Computing, 14, 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENTCOM.2015.10.002
Queiroz, B. M., Borgatto, A., Barbosa, A., & Guimarães, A. V. (2017). Exergame vs. aerobic exercise and functional fitness of older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(2), 740-747. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2017.02112
Ray, C., Melton, F., Ramirez, R., & Keller, D. (2012). The effects of a 15-week exercise intervention on fitness and postural control in older adults. Activities, Adaptation and Aging, 36(3), 227-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2012.696236
Rendon, A. A., Lohman, E. B., Thorpe, D., Johnson, E. G., Medina, E., & Bradley, B. (2012). The effect of virtual reality gaming on dynamic balance in older adults. Age and Ageing, 41(4), 549-552. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afs053
Rica, R. L., Shimojo, G. L., Gomes, M. C. S. S., Alonso, A. C., Pitta, R. M., Santa-Rosa, F. A., Pontes Junior, F. L., Ceschini, F., Gobbo, S., Bergamin, M., & Bocalini, D. S. (2020). Effects of a Kinect-based physical training program on body composition, functional fitness and depression in institutionalized older adults. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 20(3), 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13857
Sadeghi, H., Amri, S. B., Razeghi, M., Hamid, T. A., & Abdollah, M. N. H. (2017). Effects of combined exergame and conventional exercise to reduce and prevent fall risk among elderly people: A hypothesis. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 6(3), 80-84. https://doi.org/10.22631/IJAEP.V6I3.200
Sato, K., Kuroki, K., Saiki, S., & Nagatomi, R. (2015). Improving walking, muscle strength, and balance in the elderly with an exergame using kinect: A randomized controlled trial. Games for Health Journal, 4(3), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2014.0057
Shake, M. C., Crandall, K. J., Mathews, R. P., Falls, D. G., & Dispennette, A. K. (2018). Efficacy of Bingocize(®): A game-centered mobile application to improve physical and cognitive performance in older adults. Games for Health Journal, 7(4), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2017.0139
Shih, M. C., Wang, R. Y., Cheng, S. J., & Yang, Y. R. (2016). Effects of a balance-based exergaming intervention using the Kinect sensor on posture stability in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 13(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-016-0185-y
Song, D., Yu, D. S. F., Li, P. W. C., & Lei, Y. (2018). The effectiveness of physical exercise on cognitive and psychological outcomes in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 79, 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.002
Stanmore, E. K., Mavroeidi, A., De Jong, L. D., Skelton, D. A., Sutton, C. J., Benedetto, V., Munford, L. A., Meekes, W., Bell, V., & Todd, C. (2019). The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of strength and balance Exergames to reduce falls risk for people aged 55 years and older in UK assisted living facilities: A multi-centre, cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Medicine, 17(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1278-9
Su, J. J., & Yu, D. S. F. (2019). Effectiveness of eHealth cardiac rehabilitation on health outcomes of coronary heart disease patients: A randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 19(1), 274. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-019-1262-5
Szturm, T., Betker, A. L., Moussavi, Z., Desai, A., & Goodman, V. (2011). Effects of an interactive computer game exercise regimen on balance impairment in frail community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Physical Therapy, 91(10), 1460-1462. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090205
Taylor, L. M., Kerse, N., Frakking, T., & Maddison, R. (2018). Active video games for improving physical performance measures in older people: A meta-analysis. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 41(2), 108. https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000078
Toulotte, C., Toursel, C., & Olivier, N. (2012). Wii Fit? training vs. adapted physical activities: Which one is the most appropriate to improve the balance of independent senior subjects? A randomized controlled study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 26(9), 827-835. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215511434996
Vieira, E. R., Palmer, R. C., & Chaves, P. H. M. (2016). Prevention of falls in older people living in the community. BMJ, 353, i1419. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i1419
Whyatt, C., Merriman, N. A., Young, W. R., Newell, F. N., & Craig, C. (2015). A Wii bit of fun: A novel platform to deliver effective balance training to older adults. Games for Health Journal, 4(6), 423-433. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2015.0006
Wiemeyer, J., Deutsch, J., Malone, L. A., Rowland, J. L., Swartz, M. C., Xiong, J., & Zhang, F. F. (2015). Recommendations for the optimal design of exergame interventions for persons with disabilities: challenges, best practices, and future research. Games for Health Journal, 4(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1089/G4H.2014.0078
World Health Organization. (2016). World report on ageing and health. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/186463 (accessed 4.4.21).
World Health Organization, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2017). Global health and aging. http://www.who.int/ageing/publications/global_health (accessed 4.3.21).
Xiong, J., Ye, M., Wang, L., & Zheng, G. (2021). Effects of physical exercise on executive function in cognitively healthy older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Physical exercise for executive function. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 114, 103810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103810
Young, W., Ferguson, S., Brault, S., & Craig, C. (2011). Assessing and training standing balance in older adults: A novel approach using the “Nintendo Wii” Balance Board. Gait and Posture, 33(2), 303-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.10.089
Zeng, N., Pope, Z., Lee, J. E., & Gao, Z. (2017). A systematic review of active video games on rehabilitative outcomes among older patients. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6(1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2016.12.002
Zhao, Y., Feng, H., Wu, X., Du, Y., Yang, X., Hu, M., Ning, H., Liao, L., Chen, H., & Zhao, Y. (2020). Effectiveness of exergaming in improving cognitive and physical function in people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: Systematic review. JMIR Serious Games, 8(2), e16841. https://doi.org/10.2196/16841