The Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer: Strategies for Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance.
CAR-T
T cells
adoptive cell therapy
breast cancer
immune evasion
tumor microenvironment
Journal
Cancers
ISSN: 2072-6694
Titre abrégé: Cancers (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101526829
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
29 Nov 2021
29 Nov 2021
Historique:
received:
03
11
2021
revised:
25
11
2021
accepted:
28
11
2021
entrez:
10
12
2021
pubmed:
11
12
2021
medline:
11
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Breast cancer (BC) has traditionally been considered to be not inherently immunogenic and insufficiently represented by immune cell infiltrates. Therefore, for a long time, it was thought that the immunotherapies targeting this type of cancer and its microenvironment were not justified and would not bring benefits for breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, to date, a considerable number of reports have indicated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a prognostic and clinically relevant biomarker in breast cancer. A high TILs expression has been demonstrated in primary tumors, of both, HER2-positive BC and triple-negative (TNBC), of patients before treatment, as well as after treatment with adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Another milestone was reached in advanced TNBC immunotherapy with the help of the immune checkpoint inhibitors directed against the PD-L1 molecule. Although those findings, together with the recent developments in chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, show immense promise for significant advancements in breast cancer treatments, there are still various obstacles to the optimal activity of immunotherapeutics in BC treatment. Of these, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment constitutes a key barrier that greatly hinders the success of immunotherapies in the most aggressive types of breast cancer, HER2-positive and TNBC. Therefore, the improvement of the current and the demand for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies is strongly warranted.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34885122
pii: cancers13236012
doi: 10.3390/cancers13236012
pmc: PMC8657247
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Subventions
Organisme : National Science Center
ID : 2019/33/B/NZ6/02503
Organisme : Medical University of Warsaw
ID : 1M19/3/M/MG/N/21
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