Combining schizophrenia and depression polygenic risk scores improves the genetic prediction of lithium response in bipolar disorder patients.

Bipolar Disorder / drug therapy Depression Depressive Disorder, Major / drug therapy Genetic Predisposition to Disease Humans Lithium / therapeutic use Multifactorial Inheritance Risk Factors Schizophrenia / drug therapy

Journal

Translational psychiatry
ISSN: 2158-3188
Titre abrégé: Transl Psychiatry
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101562664

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
29 11 2021
Historique:
received: 19 09 2021
accepted: 22 10 2021
revised: 08 10 2021
entrez: 30 11 2021
pubmed: 1 12 2021
medline: 1 2 2022
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Lithium is the gold standard therapy for Bipolar Disorder (BD) but its effectiveness differs widely between individuals. The molecular mechanisms underlying treatment response heterogeneity are not well understood, and personalized treatment in BD remains elusive. Genetic analyses of the lithium treatment response phenotype may generate novel molecular insights into lithium's therapeutic mechanisms and lead to testable hypotheses to improve BD management and outcomes. We used fixed effect meta-analysis techniques to develop meta-analytic polygenic risk scores (MET-PRS) from combinations of highly correlated psychiatric traits, namely schizophrenia (SCZ), major depression (MD) and bipolar disorder (BD). We compared the effects of cross-disorder MET-PRS and single genetic trait PRS on lithium response. For the PRS analyses, we included clinical data on lithium treatment response and genetic information for n = 2283 BD cases from the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01702-2 PMID: 34845190 PMC: PMC8630000
pubmed: 34845190
doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01702-2
pii: 10.1038/s41398-021-01702-2
pmc: PMC8630000
doi:

Substances chimiques

Lithium 9FN79X2M3F

Types de publication

Journal Article Meta-Analysis Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

606

Commentaires et corrections

Type : ErratumIn

Informations de copyright

© 2021. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

Klaus Oliver Schubert (KO)

Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Mental Health Services, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1690-0209

Anbupalam Thalamuthu (A)

Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Azmeraw T Amare (AT)

Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7940-0335

Joseph Frank (J)

Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4867-9465

Fabian Streit (F)

Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1080-4339

Mazda Adl (M)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.

Nirmala Akula (N)

Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Kazufumi Akiyama (K)

Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.

Raffaella Ardau (R)

Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital University Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Bárbara Arias (B)

Unitat de Zoologia i Antropologia Biològica (Dpt. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals), Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.

Jean-Michel Aubry (JM)

Department of Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, HUG-Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Lena Backlund (L)

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee (AK)

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

Frank Bellivier (F)

INSERM UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Diderot, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F.Widal, Paris, France.

Antonio Benabarre (A)

Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Susanne Bengesser (S)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for bipolar affective disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Joanna M Biernacka (JM)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9350-4440

Armin Birner (A)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for bipolar affective disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Cynthia Marie-Claire (C)

INSERM UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Diderot, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F.Widal, Paris, France.

Micah Cearns (M)

Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Pablo Cervantes (P)

The Neuromodulation Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Hsi-Chung Chen (HC)

Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Caterina Chillotti (C)

Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital University Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.

Sven Cichon (S)

Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.

Scott R Clark (SR)

Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-1640-5611

Cristiana Cruceanu (C)

Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7799-5531

Piotr M Czerski (PM)

Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0003-0745-5916

Nina Dalkner (N)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for bipolar affective disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Alexandre Dayer (A)

Department of Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, HUG-Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.

Franziska Degenhardt (F)

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.

Maria Del Zompo (M)

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9491-5938

J Raymond DePaulo (JR)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Bruno Étain (B)

INSERM UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Diderot, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-F.Widal, Paris, France.

Peter Falkai (P)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany.

Andreas J Forstner (AJ)

Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1876-6368

Louise Frisen (L)

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Mark A Frye (MA)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6997-4215

Janice M Fullerton (JM)

Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4014-4490

Sébastien Gard (S)

Service de psychiatrie, Hôpital Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France.

Julie S Garnham (JS)

Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7987-4995

Fernando S Goes (FS)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu (M)

Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1304-6687

Paul Grof (P)

Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Ryota Hashimoto (R)

Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Joanna Hauser (J)

Psychiatric Genetic Unit, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6621-3493

Urs Heilbronner (U)

Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7135-762X

Stefan Herms (S)

Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2786-8200

Per Hoffmann (P)

Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.

Liping Hou (L)

Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3972-245X

Yi-Hsiang Hsu (YH)

HSL Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Program for Quantitative Genomics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Stephane Jamain (S)

Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4321-4100

Esther Jiménez (E)

Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Jean-Pierre Kahn (JP)

Service de Psychiatrie et Psychologie Clinique, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy-Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.

Layla Kassem (L)

Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Po-Hsiu Kuo (PH)

Department of Public Health & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Tadafumi Kato (T)

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

John Kelsoe (J)

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-3013-2333

Sarah Kittel-Schneider (S)

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.

Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak (E)

Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

Barbara König (B)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Landesklinikum Neunkirchen, Neunkirchen, Austria.

Ichiro Kusumi (I)

Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8747-5070

Gonzalo Laje (G)

Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Mikael Landén (M)

Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0002-4496-6451

Catharina Lavebratt (C)

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4987-2718

Marion Leboyer (M)

Inserm U955, Translational Neuro-Psychiatry laboratory, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology of Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5473-3697

Susan G Leckband (SG)

Office of Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.

Mario Maj (M)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.

Mirko Manchia (M)

Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

Lina Martinsson (L)

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Michael J McCarthy (MJ)

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.

Susan McElroy (S)

Department of Psychiatry, Lindner Center of Hope / University of Cincinnati, Mason, OH, USA.

Francesc Colom (F)

Mental Health Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Marina Mitjans (M)

Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.

Francis M Mondimore (FM)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Palmiero Monteleone (P)

Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.

Caroline M Nievergelt (CM)

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0001-5766-8923

Markus M Nöthen (MM)

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-8770-2464

Tomas Novák (T)

National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9156-9654

Claire O'Donovan (C)

Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

Norio Ozaki (N)

Department of Psychiatry & Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7360-4898

Urban Ösby (U)

Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Sergi Papiol (S)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9366-8728

Andrea Pfennig (A)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Claudia Pisanu (C)

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9151-4319

James B Potash (JB)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Andreas Reif (A)

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0992-634X

Eva Reininghaus (E)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Research Unit for bipolar affective disorder, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Guy A Rouleau (GA)

Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0001-8403-1418

Janusz K Rybakowski (JK)

Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

Martin Schalling (M)

Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Peter R Schofield (PR)

Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0003-2967-9662

Barbara W Schweizer (BW)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Giovanni Severino (G)

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0002-6354-2662

Tatyana Shekhtman (T)

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

Paul D Shilling (PD)

Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0129-5504

Katzutaka Shimoda (K)

Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9663-6243

Christian Simhandl (C)

Bipolar Center Wiener Neustadt, Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria.

Claire M Slaney (CM)

Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.

Alessio Squassina (A)

Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
ORCID: 0000-0001-7415-7607

Thomas Stamm (T)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.

Pavla Stopkova (P)

National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.

Fasil Tekola-Ayele (F)

Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Alfonso Tortorella (A)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Gustavo Turecki (G)

Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0003-4075-2736

Julia Veeh (J)

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.

Eduard Vieta (E)

Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Stephanie H Witt (SH)

Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-1571-1468

Gloria Roberts (G)

School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Peter P Zandi (PP)

Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Martin Alda (M)

Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
ORCID: 0000-0001-9544-3944

Michael Bauer (M)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-2666-859X

Francis J McMahon (FJ)

Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
ORCID: 0000-0002-9469-305X

Philip B Mitchell (PB)

School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7954-5235

Thomas G Schulze (TG)

Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6624-2975

Marcella Rietschel (M)

Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5236-6149

Bernhard T Baune (BT)

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. Bernhard.Baune@ukmuenster.de.
Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Bernhard.Baune@ukmuenster.de.
The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Bernhard.Baune@ukmuenster.de.
ORCID: 0000-0001-6548-426X

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Classifications MeSH

Recherchemedicale.com › Troubles mentaux › Troubles de l'humeur › Troubles bipolaires et apparentés › Trouble bipolaire › Combining schizophrenia and depression...
Recherchemedicale.com › Comportement et mécanismes comportementaux › Émotions › Dépression › Combining schizophrenia and depression...
Recherchemedicale.com › Troubles mentaux › Troubles de l'humeur › Trouble dépressif › Trouble dépressif majeur › Combining schizophrenia and depression...
Recherchemedicale.com › Phénomènes génétiques › Génotype › Prédisposition génétique à une maladie › Combining schizophrenia and depression...
Recherchemedicale.com › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Combining schizophrenia and depression...
Recherchemedicale.com › Produits chimiques inorganiques › Métaux › Métaux légers › Lithium › Combining schizophrenia and depression...
Recherchemedicale.com › Phénomènes génétiques › Modes de transmission héréditaire › Hérédité multifactorielle › Combining schizophrenia and depression...
Recherchemedicale.com › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Statistiques comme sujet › Probabilité › Risque › Facteurs de risque › Combining schizophrenia and depression...
Recherchemedicale.com › Troubles mentaux › Schizophrénie et troubles avec traits psychotiques › Schizophrénie › Combining schizophrenia and depression...