Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy in Transgender Population.
cardiovascular risk
gender affirming hormone therapy
transgender men
transgender population
transgender women
Journal
Frontiers in endocrinology
ISSN: 1664-2392
Titre abrégé: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101555782
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
31
05
2021
accepted:
02
09
2021
entrez:
18
10
2021
pubmed:
19
10
2021
medline:
12
2
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Transgender men and women represent about 0.6 -1.1%% of the general population. Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) helps ameliorate gender dysphoria and promote well-being. However, these treatments' cardiovascular (CV) effects are difficult to evaluate due to the limited number of extensive longitudinal studies focused on CV outcomes in this population. Furthermore, these studies are mainly observational and difficult to interpret due to a variety of hormone regimens and observation periods, together with possible bias by confounding factors (comorbidities, estrogen types, smoking, alcohol abuse, HIV infection). In addition, the introduction of GAHT at increasingly earlier ages, even before the full development of the secondary sexual characteristics, could lead to long-term changes in CV risk compared to current data. This review examines the impact of GAHT in the transgender population on CV outcomes and surrogate markers of CV health. Furthermore, we review available data on changes in DNA methylation or RNA transcription induced by GAHT that may translate into changes in metabolic parameters that could increase CV risk.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34659112
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.718200
pmc: PMC8515285
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
718200Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Aranda, Halperin, Gomez-Gil, Hanzu, Seguí, Guillamon and Mora.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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