Boldenone Undecylenate-Mediated Hepatorenal Impairment by Oxidative Damage and Dysregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptors Expressions: Vitamin C Preventive Role.
androgen receptors
boldenone undecylenate
heat shock protein 90
hepatorenal damage
oxidative stress
vitamin C
Journal
Frontiers in pharmacology
ISSN: 1663-9812
Titre abrégé: Front Pharmacol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101548923
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
10
01
2021
accepted:
09
04
2021
entrez:
14
5
2021
pubmed:
15
5
2021
medline:
15
5
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Boldenone Undecylenate (BLD) is a synthetic derivative of testosterone and a widely used anabolic androgenic steroid. The health risk of BLD use as a pharmaceutical or dietary supplement is still underestimated and under-reported. Vitamin C (VC) has been recognized as an antioxidant with prominent hepatorenal protective effects. This study investigated the possible preventive activity of VC against BLD-induced hepatorenal damage. Forty adult male Wistar rats were classified into five groups: control, vehicle control, VC (orally given 120 mg/kg b. wt./day), BLD (intramuscularly injected 5 mg/kg b. wt./week), and BLD + VC-treated groups. The experiment continued for eight weeks. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. Serum contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) were also assayed. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels were determined together with sodium and potassium electrolytes measuring. Moreover, oxidative stress indicators including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GSR) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in both hepatic and renal tissues. Corresponding histological examination of renal and hepatic tissues was conducted. Besides, immunohistochemical evaluations for androgen receptors protein (AR) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) expressions were performed. BLD caused significant rises in serum ALT, AST, TP, ALB, TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium, and MDA levels. Further, BLD-injected rats showed significant declines in the serum levels of HDL-C, sodium, GSH, GPx, GST, and GSR. Besides, distinct histopathological perturbations were detected in renal and hepatic tissues of BLD-injected rats. AR and Hsp 90 immunoexpression were increased in hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast, VC significantly reversed the BLD-induced hepatorenal damage in co-treated rats but not ameliorated AR protein overexpression. VC could be an efficient preventive supplement for mitigating BLD-induced hepatorenal damage, possibly via controlling oxidative stress events.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33986679
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651497
pii: 651497
pmc: PMC8111012
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
651497Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Behairy, Mohamed, Ebraheim, Soliman, Abd-Elhakim, El-Sharkawy, Saber and El Deib.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Références
Nutrients. 2015 Apr 09;7(4):2574-88
pubmed: 25912037
Clin Rheumatol. 1991 Jun;10(2):162-7
pubmed: 1655350
Oral Dis. 2016 Sep;22(6):463-93
pubmed: 26808119
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2011 May;11(5):430-7
pubmed: 21443508
Theriogenology. 2017 Mar 1;90:101-108
pubmed: 28166954
J Pharm Pharmacol. 2007 Dec;59(12):1739-45
pubmed: 18053338
Redox Biol. 2019 Feb;21:101108
pubmed: 30660959
Semin Nephrol. 2005 Jan;25(1):43-9
pubmed: 15660334
J Histochem Cytochem. 2014 Oct;62(10):693-7
pubmed: 25023613
Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Nov 11;56(11):
pubmed: 33187340
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jan 15;208:111620
pubmed: 33396140
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2017 Jul;36(7):709-717
pubmed: 27461011
Arch Intern Med. 1991 Oct;151(10):1925-33
pubmed: 1929679
Pediatrics. 1997 Jun;99(6):904-8
pubmed: 9190555
Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jan;109:351-359
pubmed: 30399569
Brain Res Bull. 2008 May 15;76(1-2):109-13
pubmed: 18395619
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Oct 28;9(11):
pubmed: 33126548
Front Immunol. 2020 Oct 28;11:574029
pubmed: 33193359
Orthop J Sports Med. 2018 Oct 25;6(10):2325967118804544
pubmed: 30386805
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Apr;26(12):12368-12378
pubmed: 30847814
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017;43(4):1562-1570
pubmed: 29035890
Auton Autacoid Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;25(2):35-52
pubmed: 15757504
Toxicology. 2019 May 1;419:11-23
pubmed: 30885738
Br J Sports Med. 2004 Jun;38(3):253-9
pubmed: 15155420
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2015 Nov 10;115:570-5
pubmed: 26319750
J Lab Clin Med. 1967 Jul;70(1):158-69
pubmed: 6066618
Clin Nutr. 2014 Apr;33(2):296-301
pubmed: 23810398
Niger J Physiol Sci. 2006 Jun-Dec;21(1-2):15-9
pubmed: 17242728
Biomed Pharmacother. 2016 Dec;84:314-322
pubmed: 27665477
Semin Liver Dis. 2002;22(2):145-55
pubmed: 12016546
J Chem Neuroanat. 2021 Mar;112:101893
pubmed: 33276071
Steroids. 2006 Dec;71(13-14):1078-87
pubmed: 17084871
Ann Intern Med. 2004 Apr 6;140(7):533-7
pubmed: 15068981
Tissue Cell. 2020 Oct;66:101391
pubmed: 32933714
Niger J Physiol Sci. 2016 Aug 30;31(1):55-61
pubmed: 27574765
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 Oct 18;12:3525-3533
pubmed: 30425454
Int J Sports Med. 1991 Aug;12(4):413-8
pubmed: 1917227
J Mass Spectrom. 2010 Nov;45(11):1270-9
pubmed: 20872903
Nephron Clin Pract. 2008;109(2):c49-54
pubmed: 18544955
J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2019 May 30;169:111-115
pubmed: 30851513
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Sep;25(26):26341-26350
pubmed: 29981020
Micron. 2009 Feb;40(2):226-30
pubmed: 18938085
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Jan;21(1):163-72
pubmed: 19917783
Hum Exp Toxicol. 2012 May;31(5):465-72
pubmed: 21878449
Biopolymers. 2016 Aug;105(8):594-607
pubmed: 26991466
Life Sci. 2021 Jan 15;265:118824
pubmed: 33278387
Anal Biochem. 1979 Jun;95(2):351-8
pubmed: 36810
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2009 Feb;10(1):85-95
pubmed: 19275675
Clin Chem. 1972 Jun;18(6):499-502
pubmed: 4337382
Toxicol Ind Health. 2016 Jan;32(1):177-82
pubmed: 24081634
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1991 Jul-Aug;15(4):476-83
pubmed: 1895489
J Basic Clin Pharm. 2016 Mar;7(2):27-31
pubmed: 27057123
Endocr Rev. 2014 Jun;35(3):341-75
pubmed: 24423981
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2015 Jan;23(1):1-18
pubmed: 25474126
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011 Feb;26(2):744-7
pubmed: 20980358
J Histochem Cytochem. 1981 Apr;29(4):577-80
pubmed: 6166661
Cell Stress Chaperones. 2016 Mar;21(2):213-8
pubmed: 26786410
Int J Exp Pathol. 2012 Jun;93(3):172-8
pubmed: 22583130
Prim Care. 2013 Jun;40(2):487-505
pubmed: 23668655
J Psychiatr Res. 2012 Mar;46(3):331-40
pubmed: 22154133
ARYA Atheroscler. 2015 Jul;11(4):256-60
pubmed: 26478734
J Nutr. 1985 Dec;115(12):1630-40
pubmed: 4067654
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017 Mar;21(1 Suppl):7-16
pubmed: 28379599
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2017 Jul;242(13):1376-1386
pubmed: 28399644
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2019 Jun 1;1117:36-40
pubmed: 30991204
Kidney Int. 2007 Aug;72(4):464-72
pubmed: 17495854
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Apr 30;171:502-510
pubmed: 30639957
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014 Oct 1;280(1):97-106
pubmed: 25065671
Steroids. 2020 Jan;153:108526
pubmed: 31669061
Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr;4(2):111-114
pubmed: 11469968
Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48(1):215-21
pubmed: 19833166
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Feb;84(2-3):369-75
pubmed: 12711025
J Lab Clin Med. 1963 May;61:882-8
pubmed: 13967893
J Cell Physiol. 2016 Jun;231(6):1385-91
pubmed: 26626779
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985 Aug;17(4):462-5
pubmed: 4033402
Clin Chem. 1983 Oct;29(10):1798-802
pubmed: 6577981
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 May 08;9(5):
pubmed: 32397156
J Lipid Res. 1970 Nov;11(6):583-95
pubmed: 4100998
Analyst. 1972 Feb;97(151):142-5
pubmed: 5037807
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Jul 5;2018:9434385
pubmed: 30116498
Am J Cardiol. 2010 Sep 15;106(6):893-901
pubmed: 20816133
Med Hypotheses. 2016 Aug;93:150-3
pubmed: 27372877
Toxicology. 2003 Jun 30;188(2-3):117-24
pubmed: 12767684
Clin Chem. 1978 Jan;24(1):58-73
pubmed: 22409
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 May;25(13):13056-13066
pubmed: 29484617
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999 Feb;31(2):243-50
pubmed: 10063813
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Nov;72(5):1095-100
pubmed: 11063434
Life Sci. 2015 Sep 15;137:65-73
pubmed: 26165753
Curr Genomics. 2011 Aug;12(5):371-8
pubmed: 22294879
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Apr 10;2018:2373167
pubmed: 29849874
Poult Sci. 1995 Nov;74(11):1772-85
pubmed: 8614686
Adv Food Nutr Res. 2018;83:281-310
pubmed: 29477224
Metabolism. 1987 Oct;36(10):949-52
pubmed: 3657514
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 May 9;304(3):505-12
pubmed: 12729585
J Biol Chem. 1974 Nov 25;249(22):7130-9
pubmed: 4436300
Clin Chim Acta. 1971 Jan;31(1):87-96
pubmed: 5544065
Nefrologia. 2020 Jan - Feb;40(1):26-31
pubmed: 31585781
Clin Chem. 1983 Aug;29(8):1494-6
pubmed: 6872208
Dis Mon. 2013 Jun;59(6):226-48
pubmed: 23719201
PLoS One. 2014 Sep 16;9(9):e102699
pubmed: 25225984
Res Pharm Sci. 2016 Oct;11(5):390-396
pubmed: 27920821
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2012 Mar 20;7:12
pubmed: 22433938
P R Health Sci J. 2008 Mar;27(1):7-19
pubmed: 18450228