Investigating the blood-spinal cord barrier in preclinical models: a systematic review of in vivo imaging techniques.
Journal
Spinal cord
ISSN: 1476-5624
Titre abrégé: Spinal Cord
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9609749
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jun 2021
Jun 2021
Historique:
received:
18
07
2020
accepted:
01
03
2021
revised:
25
02
2021
pubmed:
21
3
2021
medline:
16
10
2021
entrez:
20
3
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
This study is a systematic review. To evaluate current in vivo techniques used in the investigation of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). Search of English language literature for animal studies that investigated the BSCB in vivo. Data extraction included animal model/type, protocol for BSCB evaluation, and study outcomes. Descriptive syntheses are provided. A total of 40 studies were included, which mainly investigated rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) or spinal cord injury (SCI). The main techniques used were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and intravital microscopy (IVM). MRI served as a reliable tool to longitudinally track BSCB permeability changes with dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) using gadolinium, or assess inflammatory infiltrations with targeted alternative contrast agents. IVM provided high-resolution visualization of cellular and molecular interactions across the microvasculature, commonly with either epi-fluorescence or two-photon microscopy. MRI and IVM techniques enabled the evaluation of therapeutic interventions and mechanisms that drive spinal cord dysfunction in EAE and SCI. A small number of studies demonstrated the feasibility of DCE-computed tomography, ultrasound, bioluminescent, and fluorescent optical imaging methods to evaluate the BSCB. Technique-specific limitations and multiple protocols for image acquisition and data analyses are described for all techniques. There are few in vivo investigations of the BSCB. Additional studies are needed in less commonly studied spinal cord disorders, and to establish standardized protocols for data acquisition and analysis. Further development of techniques and multimodal approaches could overcome current imaging limitations to the spinal cord. These advancements might promote wider adoption of techniques, and can provide greater potential for clinical translation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33742118
doi: 10.1038/s41393-021-00623-7
pii: 10.1038/s41393-021-00623-7
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Systematic Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
596-612Subventions
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
ID : R25NS099008
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
ID : R01NS100459
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
ID : R01NS090904
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
ID : R01NS034467
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
ID : R01ES024936
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
ID : P01AG055367 Sub 5202
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
ID : R01AG039452
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
ID : R01AG023084
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