Preoptic Area Modulation of Arousal in Natural and Drug Induced Unconscious States.
anesthesia
hypothalamus
preoptic area
sedation
sleep
Journal
Frontiers in neuroscience
ISSN: 1662-4548
Titre abrégé: Front Neurosci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101478481
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
20
12
2020
accepted:
26
01
2021
entrez:
1
3
2021
pubmed:
2
3
2021
medline:
2
3
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The role of the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) in arousal state regulation has been studied since Constantin von Economo first recognized its importance in the early twentieth century. Over the intervening decades, the POA has been shown to modulate arousal in both natural (sleep and wake) as well as drug-induced (anesthetic-induced unconsciousness) states. While the POA is well known for its role in sleep promotion, populations of wake-promoting neurons within the region have also been identified. However, the complexity and molecular heterogeneity of the POA has made distinguishing these two populations difficult. Though multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that general anesthetics modulate the activity of the POA, the region's heterogeneity has also made it challenging to determine whether the same neurons involved in sleep/wake regulation also modulate arousal in response to general anesthetics. While a number of studies show that sleep-promoting POA neurons are activated by various anesthetics, recent work suggests this is not universal to all arousal-regulating POA neurons. Technical innovations are making it increasingly possible to classify and distinguish the molecular identities of neurons involved in sleep/wake regulation as well as anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. Here, we review the current understanding of the POA's role in arousal state regulation of both natural and drug-induced forms of unconsciousness, including its molecular organization and connectivity to other known sleep and wake promoting regions. Further insights into the molecular identities and connectivity of arousal-regulating POA neurons will be critical in fully understanding how this complex region regulates arousal states.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33642991
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.644330
pmc: PMC7907457
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
644330Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM088156
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : R01 GM107117
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Reitz and Kelz.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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