The cognitive aspect of formal thought disorder and its relationship with global social functioning and the quality of life in schizophrenia.
Cognitive functions
Formal thought disorder
Language processing
Psychosis
Social functioning
Journal
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
ISSN: 1433-9285
Titre abrégé: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8804358
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2021
Aug 2021
Historique:
received:
03
08
2020
accepted:
06
01
2021
pubmed:
19
1
2021
medline:
30
7
2021
entrez:
18
1
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
It was expected that using a comprehensive scale like the Thought and Language Disorder Scale (TALD) for measurement of FTD would enable assessing its heterogeneity and its associations with cognitive impairment and functionality. This study has aimed to analyze the relationship between formal thought disorder (FTD) and cognitive functions, functionality, and quality of life in schizophrenia. This cross-sectional exploratory study included 46 clinical participants meeting the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and 35 healthy individuals as the control groups. Data were acquired by means of the Turkish language version of the TALD, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Clinical Global Impression Scale, the Functioning Assessment Short Test, the Social Functioning Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Short Form, and a neuropsychological test battery on executive functions, working memory, verbal fluency, abstract thinking, and response inhibition. Correlation analyses were conducted to detect significant relationships. The clinical group scored failures in all cognitive tests. The objective positive FTD was associated with deficits in executive functions and social functioning. The objective negative FTD was associated with poor performance in all cognitive domains, physical quality of life, and social and global functioning. The subjective negative FTD was negatively correlated with psychological quality of life. This study demonstrated that objective FTD factors reflect different underlying cognitive deficits and correlate with different functioning domains. Significant correlation was determined between subjective negative FTD and psychological quality of life. Given the close relationship of FTD with functioning and quality of life, the FTD-related cognitive deficits should be the key treatment goal in schizophrenia.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33458782
doi: 10.1007/s00127-021-02024-w
pii: 10.1007/s00127-021-02024-w
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1399-1410Informations de copyright
© 2021. Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.
Références
Kircher T, Bröhl H, Meier F, Engelen J (2018) Formal thought disorders: from phenomenology to neurobiology. Lancet Psychiatry 5(6):515–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30059-2
doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30059-2
pubmed: 29678679
Andreasen NC (1986) Scale for the assessment of thought, language, and communication (TLC). Schizophr Bull 12(3):473
doi: 10.1093/schbul/12.3.473
Andreasen NC, Grove WM (1986) Thought, language, and communication in schizophrenia: diagnosis and prognosis. Schizophr Bull 12(3):348
doi: 10.1093/schbul/12.3.348
Andreasen NC (1982) Negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Definition and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39(7):784–788. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290070020005
doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290070020005
pubmed: 7165477
Kircher T, Krug A, Stratmann M, Ghazi S, Schales C, Frauenheim M, Turner L, Fahrmann P, Hornig T, Katzev M, Grosvald M, Muller-Isberner R, Nagels A (2014) A rating scale for the assessment of objective and subjective formal thought and language disorder (TALD). Schizophr Res 160(1–3):216–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.024
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.024
pubmed: 25458572
Ulaş H, Yalınçetin B, Binbay T, Akdede BB, Polat S, Özbay D, Var L, Alptekin K (2015) Relationship between thought and language disorder with positive and negative syndrome scale and sociodemographic characteristics in patients with schizophrenia. Anatolian J Psychiatry 16(5):307–313. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.1414070778
doi: 10.5455/apd.1414070778
Barrera A, McKenna PJ, Berrios GE (2008) Two new scales of formal thought disorder in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 157(1–3):225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2006.09.017
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2006.09.017
pubmed: 17997165
Parnas J, Møller P, Kircher T, Thalbitzer J, Jansson L, Handest P, Zahavi D (2005) EASE: examination of anomalous self-experience. Psychopathology 38(5):236–258. https://doi.org/10.1159/000088441
doi: 10.1159/000088441
pubmed: 16179811
Nagels A, Fahrmann P, Stratmann M, Ghazi S, Schales C, Frauenheim M, Turner L, Hornig T, Katzev M, Muller-Isberner R, Grosvald M, Krug A, Kircher T (2016) Distinct neuropsychological correlates in positive and negative formal thought disorder syndromes: the thought and language disorder scale in endogenous psychoses. Neuropsychobiology 73(3):139–147. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441657
doi: 10.1159/000441657
pubmed: 27058747
Cuesta MJ, Peralta V (2011) Testing the hypothesis that formal thought disorders are severe mood disorders. Schizophr Bull 37(6):1136–1146. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbr092
doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbr092
pubmed: 21857008
pmcid: 3196948
Morgan CJ, Coleman MJ, Ulgen A, Boling L, Cole JO, Johnson FV, Lerbinger J, Bodkin JA, Holzman PS, Levy DL (2017) Thought disorder in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder probands, their relatives, and nonpsychiatric controls. Schizophr Bull 43(3):523–535. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx016
doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbx016
pubmed: 28338967
pmcid: 5463905
Bleuler E (1911) Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias (trans: Zinkin J). International University Press, NY, USA
Demjaha A, Weinstein S, Stahl D, Day F, Valmaggia L, Rutigliano G, De Micheli A, Fusar-Poli P, McGuire P (2017) Formal thought disorder in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis. BJPsych Open 3(4):165–170. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.004408
doi: 10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.004408
pubmed: 28713586
pmcid: 5509964
Katsura M, Ohmuro N, Obara C, Kikuchi T, Ito F, Miyakoshi T, Matsuoka H, Matsumoto K (2014) A naturalistic longitudinal study of at-risk mental state with a 2.4 year follow-up at a specialized clinic setting in Japan. Schizophr Res 158(13):32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.013
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.013
pubmed: 25034763
Bearden CE, Wu KN, Caplan R, Cannon TD (2011) Thought disorder and communication deviance as predictors of outcome in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50(7):669–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2011.03.021
doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.03.021
pubmed: 21703494
pmcid: 3124656
Wilcox J, Briones D, Quadri S, Tsuang M (2014) Prognostic implications of paranoia and thought disorder in new onset psychosis. Compr Psychiatry 55(4):813–817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.12.010
doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.12.010
pubmed: 24439562
Roche E, Lyne J, O’Donoghue B, Segurado R, Behan C, Renwick L, Fanning F, Madigan K, Clarke M (2016) The prognostic value of formal thought disorder following first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 178(1–3):29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.09.017
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.09.017
pubmed: 27639419
Roche E, Lyne JP, O’Donoghue B, Segurado R, Kinsella A, Hannigan A, Kelly BD, Malone K, Clarke M (2015) The factor structure and clinical utility of formal thought disorder in first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 168(1–2):92–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.049
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.049
pubmed: 26260080
Wilcox JA (1990) Thought disorder and relapse in schizophrenia. Psychopathology 23(3):153–156
doi: 10.1159/000284652
Wilcox J, Winokur G, Tsuang M (2012) Predictive value of thought disorder in new-onset psychosis. Compr Psychiatry 53(6):674–678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.12.002
doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.12.002
pubmed: 22341649
Hart M, Lewine RRJ (2017) Rethinking thought disorder. Schizophr Bull 43(3):514–522. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx003
doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbx003
pubmed: 28204762
pmcid: 5464106
Stirling J, Hellewell J, Blakey A, Deakin W (2006) Thought disorder in schizophrenia is associated with both executive dysfunction and circumscribed impairments in semantic function. Psychol Med 36(4):475–484. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291705006884
doi: 10.1017/S0033291705006884
pubmed: 16403241
Barrera A, McKenna P, Berrios G (2005) Formal thought disorder in schizophrenia: an executive or a semantic deficit? Psychol Med 35(1):121–132
doi: 10.1017/S003329170400279X
Bora E, Yalincetin B, Akdede BB, Alptekin K (2019) Neurocognitive and linguistic correlates of positive and negative formal thought disorder: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 209:2–11
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.05.025
Xu JQ, Hui CL, Longenecker J, Lee EH, Chang WC, Chan SK, Chen EY (2014) Executive function as predictors of persistent thought disorder in first-episode schizophrenia: a one-year follow-up study. Schizophr Res 159(2–3):465–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.022
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.022
pubmed: 25261043
Harvey PD, Pedley M (1989) Auditory and visual distractibility in schizophrenia: Clinical and medication status correlations. Schizophr Res 2(3):295–300
doi: 10.1016/0920-9964(89)90006-6
Merrill AM, Karcher NR, Cicero DC, Becker TM, Docherty AR, Kerns JG (2017) Evidence that communication impairment in schizophrenia is associated with generalized poor task performance. Psychiatry Res 249:172–179
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.051
Berenbaum H, Kerns JG, Vernon LL, Gomez JJ (2008) Cognitive correlates of schizophrenia signs and symptoms: I verbal communication disturbances. Psychiatry Res 159(1–2):147–156
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.08.016
Dwyer K, Peters E, McKenna P, David A, McCarthy R (2014) Verbatim recall in formal thought disorder in schizophrenia: a study of contextual influences. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 19(4):337–358. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2013.870069
doi: 10.1080/13546805.2013.870069
pubmed: 24410090
Bhattacharyya K, Guha P, Ghosal M, Sadhukhan SK (2013) Association of thought disorder with cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia a cross-sectional study in a tertiary centre in Kolkata India. Ger J Psychiatry 16(4):10–23
Docherty AR, Berenbaum H, Kerns JG (2011) Alogia and formal thought disorder: differential patterns of verbal fluency task performance. J Psychiatr Res 45(10):1352–1357
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.04.004
Holshausen K, Harvey PD, Elvevåg B, Foltz PW, Bowie CR (2014) Latent semantic variables are associated with formal thought disorder and adaptive behavior in older inpatients with schizophrenia. Cortex 55:88–96
doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.02.006
Çokal D, Zimmerer V, Turkington D, Ferrier N, Varley R, Watson S, Hinzen W (2019) Disturbing the rhythm of thought: speech pausing patterns in schizophrenia, with and without formal thought disorder. PLoS ONE 14(5):10
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217404
Little B, Gallagher P, Zimmerer V, Varley R, Douglas M, Spencer H, Çokal D, Deamer F, Turkington D, Ferrier IN, Hinzen W, Watson S (2019) Language in schizophrenia and aphasia: the relationship with non-verbal cognition and thought disorder. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 24(6):389–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2019.1668758
doi: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1668758
pubmed: 31550981
Tan EJ, Yelland GW, Rossell SL (2016) Characterising receptive language processing in schizophrenia using word and sentence tasks. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 21(1):14–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546805.2015.1121866
doi: 10.1080/13546805.2015.1121866
pubmed: 27031118
Ucok A, Gorwood P, Karadayi G (2012) Employment and its relationship with functionality and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia: EGOFORS Study. Eur Psychiatry 27(6):422–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.01.014
doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.01.014
pubmed: 21592736
Racenstein JM, Penn D, Harrow M, Schleser R (1999) Thought disorder and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia: the concurrent and predictive relationships. J Nerv Ment Dis 187(5):281–289
doi: 10.1097/00005053-199905000-00003
Docherty NM, McCleery A, Divilbiss M, Schumann EB, Moe A, Shakeel MK (2013) Effects of social cognitive impairment on speech disorder in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 39(3):608–616. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs039
doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbs039
pubmed: 22416265
Yalincetin B, Ulas H, Var L, Binbay T, Akdede BB, Alptekin K (2016) Relation of formal thought disorder to symptomatic remission and social functioning in schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 70:98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.07.001
doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.07.001
pubmed: 27624428
Comparelli A, Corigliano V, Forcina F, Bargagna P, Montalbani B, Falcone G, Nardella A, Stampatore L, Salzer M, Pompili M (2020) The complex relationship among formal thought disorders, neurocognition, and functioning in nonacutely Ill schizophrenia patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 208(1):48–55
doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001087
Marggraf MP, Lysaker PH, Salyers MP, Minor KS (2020) The link between formal thought disorder and social functioning in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Eur Psychiatry 17:1–43
doi: 10.5603/PSYCH.2020.0001
Metelko Z, Szabo S, Diseases M, Kumar S, Delhi N, Heck V et al (1995) The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): position paper from the World Health Organization. Soc Sci Med 41(10):1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-k
doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-k
Narvaez JM, Twamley EW, McKibbin CL, Heaton RK, Patterson TL (2008) Subjective and objective quality of life in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 98(1–3):201–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.09.001
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.09.001
pubmed: 17919890
Bambini V, Arcara G, Bosinelli F, Buonocore M, Bechi M, Cavallaro R, Bosia M (2020) A leopard cannot change its spots: a novel pragmatic account of concretism in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 3:107332
doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107332
Tan EJ, Thomas N, Rossell SL (2014) Speech disturbances and quality of life in schizophrenia: differential impacts on functioning and life satisfaction. Compr Psychiatry 55(3):693–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.016
doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.016
pubmed: 24315617
Ulaş H, Akdede BB, Ozbay D, Alptekin K (2008) Effect of thought disorders on quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharm Biol Psychiatry 32(2):332–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.08.033
doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.08.033
Mutlu E, Yazıcı MK, Barışkın E, Ertuğrul A, Gürel ŞC, Gürkan Ş, Göka E, Yağcıoğlu AEA (2019) Examination of formal thought disorder and its clinical correlates with the Turkish Version of the thought and language disorder scale (TALD-TR) in schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 93:7–13
doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.06.003
Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA (1987) The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 13(2):261–276
doi: 10.1093/schbul/13.2.261
Kostakoğlu E, Batur S, Tiryaki A, Göğüs A (1999) Pozitif ve negatif sendrom ölçeğinin (PANSS) türkçe uyarlamasinin geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikol Dergisi 14:23–32
Guy W (1976) ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. Department of Health and Welfare, US
Brown J (1958) Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory. Q J Exp Psychol 10(1):12–21
doi: 10.1080/17470215808416249
Anil AE, Kivircik BB, Batur S, Kabakçi E, Kitis A, Güven E, Basar K, Turgut TI, Arkar H (2003) The Turkish version of the auditory consonant trigram test as a measure of working memory: a normative study. Clin Neuropsychol 17(2):159–169
doi: 10.1076/clin.17.2.159.16510
Benton AL (1968) Differential behavioral effects in frontal lobe disease. Neuropsychologia 6(1):53–60
doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(68)90038-9
Umaç A (1997) Normal deneklerde frontal hasarlara duyarlı bazı testlerde performansa yaş ve eğitimin etkisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji Bölümü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul
Wechsler D (1955) Manual for the Wechsler adult intelligence scale.
Epir S (1972) Iskir U. Wechsler yetişkinler zeka olcegi türkce cevirisinin ön analizi ve üniversite danismanlik merkezlerindeki uygulama potansiyeli. Hacettepe Sosyal ve Beseri Bilimler Dergisi 4:198–205
Spreen O, Strauss E (1998) A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Kaya Y, Aki OE, Can UA, Derle E, Kibaroğlu S, Barak A (2014) Validation of montreal cognitive assessment and discriminant power of montreal cognitive assessment subtests in patients with mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer dementia in turkish population. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 27(2):103–109
doi: 10.1177/0891988714522701
Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H (2005) The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(4):695–699
doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
Rosa AR, Sánchez-Moreno J, Martínez-Aran A, Salamero M, Torrent C, Reinares M, Comes M, Colom F, Van Riel W, Ayuso-Mateos JL (2007) Validity and reliability of the functioning assessment short test (FAST) in bipolar disorder. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 3(1):5
doi: 10.1186/1745-0179-3-5
Aydemir A, Uykur B (2012) Kısa işlevsellik değerlendirme ölçeği’nin türkçe sürümünün bipolar bozuklukta güvenilirliği ve geçerliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 23:193–200
pubmed: 22949289
Birchwood M, Smith J, Cochrane R, Wetton S, Copestake S (1990) The social functioning scale the development and validation of a new scale of social adjustment for use in family intervention programmes with schizophrenic patients. Br J Psychiatry 157(6):853–859
doi: 10.1192/bjp.157.6.853
Yaprak Erakay S, Gülseren Ş (2002) Şizofreni tanılı hastalarda Sosyal İşlevsellik Ölçeği Türkçe Formu’nun geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin araştırılması. Bahar Sempozyumları Kongre Özet Kitab 4:134–135
Group W (1998) Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychol Med 28(3):551–558
doi: 10.1017/S0033291798006667
Eser E, Fidaner H, Fidaner C, Eser SY, Elbi H, Göker E (1999) WHOQOL-100 ve WHOQOL-BREF’in psikometrik özellikleri. Psikiyatri Psikol Psikofarmakol Dergisi 7(2):23–40
Becker TM, Cicero DC, Cowan N, Kerns JG (2012) Cognitive control components and speech symptoms in people with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 196(1):20–26
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.10.003
Badcock JC, Dragović M, Garrett C, Jablensky A (2011) Action (verb) fluency in schizophrenia: getting a grip on odd speech. Schizophr Res 126(1):138–143
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.11.004
George T, Wiley J (2016) Forgetting the literal: the role of inhibition in metaphor comprehension. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 42(8):1324–1330. https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000237
doi: 10.1037/xlm0000237
pubmed: 26844576
Kircher TT, Leube DT, Erb M, Grodd W, Rapp AM (2007) Neural correlates of metaphor processing in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 34(1):281–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.08.044
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.08.044
pubmed: 17081771
Liu KC, Chan RC, Chan KK, Tang JY, Chiu CP, Lam MM, Chan SK, Wong GH, Hui CL, Chen EY (2011) Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia: a three-year longitudinal study of an ecologically valid test. Schizophr Res 126(1–3):87–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.11.023
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.11.023
pubmed: 21194894
Remberk B, Namysłowska I, Rybakowski F (2012) Clinical and cognitive correlates of formal thought disorder in early onset schizophrenia. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 33(3):347–355
pubmed: 22635096
Maeda K, Kasai K, Uetsuki M, Hata A, Araki T, Rogers MA, Yamasue H, Iwanami A (2007) Increased positive thought disorder with illness duration in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 61(6):687–690. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01730.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01730.x
pubmed: 18081634
Bowie CR, Harvey PD (2008) Communication abnormalities predict functional outcomes in chronic schizophrenia: differential associations with social and adaptive functions. Schizophr Res 103(1–3):240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2008.05.006
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.05.006
pubmed: 18571378
pmcid: 4104169
Tomotake M (2011) Quality of life and its predictors in people with schizophrenia. J Med Invest 58(34):167–174. https://doi.org/10.2152/jmi.58.167
doi: 10.2152/jmi.58.167
pubmed: 21921416