Understanding America: Unequal Economic Returns of Years of Schooling in Whites and Blacks.
educational attainment
ethnic groups
population groups
socioeconomic status
Journal
World journal of educational research (Los Angeles, Calif.)
ISSN: 2333-5998
Titre abrégé: World J Educ Res
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101768005
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2020
2020
Historique:
entrez:
26
6
2020
pubmed:
26
6
2020
medline:
26
6
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Higher schooling is associated with higher economic wellbeing. Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, however, refers to smaller returns of schooling for non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). Using a national sample of American adults, the current study compared NHBs and NHWs for the effects of each incremental increase in the years of schooling (gradient of educational level) on economic wellbeing of American adults. Data came from the Understanding America Study (UAS), a national online survey with a nationally representative sample. A total of 5715 adults (18+ years old) were included. From this number, 4,826 (84.4%) were NHWs, and 889 (15.6%) were NHBs. Years of schooling was the independent variable. Economic wellbeing was the main outcome. Age and gender were the covariates. Race was the moderator. Overall, each additional year of schooling was associated with higher economic wellbeing, net of age, and gender. A statistically significant interaction was found between race and years of schooling on the outcome, indicating a smaller boosting effect of any incremental increase in the years of education on the economic wellbeing of NHBs compared to NHWs. In line with MDRs, highly educated Black people experience low economic wellbeing. The MDRs of education on economic wellbeing may be why highly educated, and middle-class Black Americans still report poor health. Policy solutions should address multi-level causes of MDR-related health disparities.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Higher schooling is associated with higher economic wellbeing. Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, however, refers to smaller returns of schooling for non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs).
AIM
OBJECTIVE
Using a national sample of American adults, the current study compared NHBs and NHWs for the effects of each incremental increase in the years of schooling (gradient of educational level) on economic wellbeing of American adults.
METHODS
METHODS
Data came from the Understanding America Study (UAS), a national online survey with a nationally representative sample. A total of 5715 adults (18+ years old) were included. From this number, 4,826 (84.4%) were NHWs, and 889 (15.6%) were NHBs. Years of schooling was the independent variable. Economic wellbeing was the main outcome. Age and gender were the covariates. Race was the moderator.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Overall, each additional year of schooling was associated with higher economic wellbeing, net of age, and gender. A statistically significant interaction was found between race and years of schooling on the outcome, indicating a smaller boosting effect of any incremental increase in the years of education on the economic wellbeing of NHBs compared to NHWs.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
In line with MDRs, highly educated Black people experience low economic wellbeing. The MDRs of education on economic wellbeing may be why highly educated, and middle-class Black Americans still report poor health. Policy solutions should address multi-level causes of MDR-related health disparities.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32582861
doi: 10.22158/wjer.v7n2p78
pmc: PMC7314384
mid: NIHMS1597477
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
78-92Subventions
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : R01 CA201415
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMHD NIH HHS
ID : R25 MD007610
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : U54 CA143931
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMHD NIH HHS
ID : U54 MD008149
Pays : United States
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Conflicts of Interest The authors have no competing interests to report.
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