Autoantibodies against the prion protein in individuals with


Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
06 10 2020
Historique:
received: 24 03 2019
accepted: 04 12 2019
pubmed: 27 2 2020
medline: 11 11 2020
entrez: 27 2 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

To determine whether naturally occurring autoantibodies against the prion protein are present in individuals with genetic prion disease mutations and controls, and if so, whether they are protective against prion disease. In this case-control study, we collected 124 blood samples from individuals with a variety of pathogenic We found that antibody reactivity was present in a subset of both Pathogenic NCT02837705.

Identifiants

pubmed: 32098855
pii: WNL.0000000000009183
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000009183
pmc: PMC7682844
doi:

Substances chimiques

Autoantibodies 0
Autoantigens 0
PRNP protein, human 0
Prion Proteins 0

Banques de données

ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT02837705']

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e2028-e2037

Subventions

Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : R01 NS103848
Pays : United States

Investigateurs

Marc L. Cohen (ML)
Hasier Eraña (H)
Sonia M. Vallabh (SM)
Chloe Nobuhara (C)
Chase Wennick (C)
Steven E. Arnold (SE)
Gianluigi Forloni (G)

Informations de copyright

© 2020 American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Karl Frontzek (K)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia. karl.frontzek@usz.ch adriano.aguzzi@usz.ch.

Manfredi Carta (M)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Marco Losa (M)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Mirka Epskamp (M)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Georg Meisl (G)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Alice Anane (A)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Jean-Philippe Brandel (JP)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Ulrike Camenisch (U)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Joaquín Castilla (J)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Stéphane Haïk (S)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Tuomas Knowles (T)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Ewald Lindner (E)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Andreas Lutterotti (A)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Eric Vallabh Minikel (EV)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Ignazio Roiter (I)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Jiri G Safar (JG)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Raquel Sanchez-Valle (R)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Dana Žáková (D)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Simone Hornemann (S)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Adriano Aguzzi (A)

From the Institute of Neuropathology (K.F., M.C., M.L., M.E., S. Hornemann, A.A.), Institute of Surgical Pathology (U.C.), and Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology and MS Research (NIMS) (A.L.), University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry (G.M., T.K.), University of Cambridge, UK; CJD Foundation Israel (A.A.), Pardes Hanna; ICM (J.-P.B.), Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; CIC bioGUNE and IKERBASQUE (J.C.), Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain; Sorbonne University (S. Haïk), ICM, Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Division (E.L.), University of Graz, Austria; Broad Institute (E.V.M.), Cambridge, MA; Treviso Hospital (I.R.), Italy; Department of Pathology, Neurology, and National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center (J.G.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit (R.S.-V.), Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Prion Diseases (D.Ž.), Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia. karl.frontzek@usz.ch adriano.aguzzi@usz.ch.

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