Lung Aerosol Dynamics of Airborne Influenza A Virus-Laden Droplets and the Resultant Immune System Responses: An In Silico Study.
Adaptive Immune System
Computational Fluid Particle Dynamics (CFPD)
Host Cell Dynamics (HCD)
Influenza A Virus (IAV) Laden Droplets
Innate Immune System
Journal
Journal of aerosol science
ISSN: 0021-8502
Titre abrégé: J Aerosol Sci
Pays: England
ID NLM: 1263115
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2019
Aug 2019
Historique:
entrez:
28
1
2020
pubmed:
28
1
2020
medline:
28
1
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Influenza A Virus (IAV) replications start from the deposition of inhaled virus-laden droplets on the epithelial cells in the pulmonary tracts. In order to understand the local deposition patterns and within-host dynamics of infectious aerosols, accurate information of high-resolution imaging capabilities, as well as real-time flow cytometry analysis, are required for tracking infected cells, virus agents, and immune system responses. However, clinical and animal studies are in deficit to meet the above-mentioned demands, due to their limited operational flexibility and imaging resolution. Therefore, this study developed an experimentally validated multiscale epidemiological computational model, i.e., the Computational Fluid-Particle Dynamics (CFPD) plus Host Cell Dynamics (HCD) model, to predict the transport and deposition of the low-strain IAV-laden droplets, as well as the resultant regional immune system responses. The hygroscopic growth and shrinkage of IAV-laden droplets were accurately modeled. The subject-specific respiratory system was discretized by generating the new polyhedral-core mesh. By simulating both mouth and nasal breathing scenarios, the inhalations of isotonic IAV-laden droplets with three different compositions were achieved. It is the first time that parametric analysis was performed using the multiscale model on how different exposure conditions can influence the virus aerodynamics in the lung and the subsequent immune system responses. Numerical results show a higher viral accretion followed by a faster immune system response in the supraglottic region when droplets with the higher salt concentration were inhaled. Consequently, more severe symptoms and longer recovery are expected at the pharynx. Furthermore, local deposition maps of IAV-laden droplets and post-deposition infection dynamics provide informative and direct evidence which significantly enhance the fundamental understanding of the underlying mechanisms for upper airway and lower airway infections.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31983771
doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.04.009
pmc: PMC6980466
mid: NIHMS1529451
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
34-55Subventions
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : P20 GM103648
Pays : United States
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