Frontal Bone Fractures and Frontal Sinus Injuries: Treatment Paradigms.
Anterior and posterior table fractures of frontal sinus
frontal bone
frontal sinus
frontal sinus cranialization
frontal sinus obliteration
nasofrontal duct
nasofrontal outflow tract
onlay grafting
Journal
Annals of maxillofacial surgery
ISSN: 2231-0746
Titre abrégé: Ann Maxillofac Surg
Pays: India
ID NLM: 101598423
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Historique:
entrez:
8
1
2020
pubmed:
8
1
2020
medline:
8
1
2020
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Timely, expeditious and appropriate management of Frontal bone fractures and associated Frontal Sinus (FS) injuries are both crucial as well as challenging. Treatment options vary considerably, depending upon the nature, extent and severity of these injuries as well as operator skill, expertise and experience. In cases of posterior table fractures of the Frontal Sinus, literature reports have in general, propounded direct visualization and exploration of the sinus via a bifrontal craniotomy, followed by sinus cranialization. To review the standard protocols of management of Frontal bone fractures and Frontal Sinus injuries. To assess the efficacy of a more conservative approach in the management of outer and inner table fractures of the FS. Contemporary and evolving management protocols and changing treatment paradigms of different types and severities of frontal bone fractures and frontal sinus injuries, have been presented in this case series. A useful Treatment Algorithm has been proposed to efficiently and effectively manage these injuries. In the present case series, effective and satisfactory results could be achieved in cases of significantly displaced inner and outer table fractures of the Frontal sinus by a more conservative protocol comprising of open reduction and internal fixation carried out via the existing scar of injury, without having to resort to the more radical intracranial approach and sinus cranialization. Nevertheless, presence of complicating factors such as cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, evidence of meningitis or the development of encephalomeningocoeles necessitated the standard protocol of sinus exploration and its cranialization or obliteration. Management protocols of Frontal Sinus injuries vary, based on aspects such as the timing of presentation and intervention, degree of injury sustained, concomitant associated Craniomaxillofacial injuries present, presence of complicating factors or Secondary/Residual deformities & Functional debility, and need to be decided upon on a case to case basis.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Timely, expeditious and appropriate management of Frontal bone fractures and associated Frontal Sinus (FS) injuries are both crucial as well as challenging. Treatment options vary considerably, depending upon the nature, extent and severity of these injuries as well as operator skill, expertise and experience. In cases of posterior table fractures of the Frontal Sinus, literature reports have in general, propounded direct visualization and exploration of the sinus via a bifrontal craniotomy, followed by sinus cranialization.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
To review the standard protocols of management of Frontal bone fractures and Frontal Sinus injuries. To assess the efficacy of a more conservative approach in the management of outer and inner table fractures of the FS.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
METHODS
Contemporary and evolving management protocols and changing treatment paradigms of different types and severities of frontal bone fractures and frontal sinus injuries, have been presented in this case series. A useful Treatment Algorithm has been proposed to efficiently and effectively manage these injuries.
RESULTS
RESULTS
In the present case series, effective and satisfactory results could be achieved in cases of significantly displaced inner and outer table fractures of the Frontal sinus by a more conservative protocol comprising of open reduction and internal fixation carried out via the existing scar of injury, without having to resort to the more radical intracranial approach and sinus cranialization. Nevertheless, presence of complicating factors such as cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, evidence of meningitis or the development of encephalomeningocoeles necessitated the standard protocol of sinus exploration and its cranialization or obliteration.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Management protocols of Frontal Sinus injuries vary, based on aspects such as the timing of presentation and intervention, degree of injury sustained, concomitant associated Craniomaxillofacial injuries present, presence of complicating factors or Secondary/Residual deformities & Functional debility, and need to be decided upon on a case to case basis.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31909005
doi: 10.4103/ams.ams_151_19
pii: AMS-9-261
pmc: PMC6933972
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
261-282Informations de copyright
Copyright: © 2019 Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
There are no conflicts of interest.
Références
Semin Plast Surg. 2010 Nov;24(4):375-82
pubmed: 22550461
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004 Jul;62(7):882-91
pubmed: 15218570
J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2014 Sep;42(6):705-10
pubmed: 24703508
Neuroradiology. 2002 Jan;44(1):52-8
pubmed: 11942501
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001 Aug;30(4):291-5
pubmed: 11518350
J Craniofac Surg. 2010 Jan;21(1):208-10
pubmed: 20098186
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008 Dec;122(6):1850-66
pubmed: 19050539
J Trauma. 2007 Oct;63(4):831-5
pubmed: 18090013
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Mar;124(3):304-7
pubmed: 11240996
Surg Neurol Int. 2015 Aug 24;6:141
pubmed: 26392917
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Nov;68(11):2714-22
pubmed: 20727640
Neurosurg Focus. 2000 Jul 15;9(1):e1
pubmed: 16859263
Ghana Med J. 2006 Mar;40(1):18-21
pubmed: 17299559
Facial Plast Surg. 2000;16(2):127-34
pubmed: 11802363
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Aug;118(2):457-68
pubmed: 16874218
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 Apr;63(4):487-91
pubmed: 15789320
J Craniofac Surg. 2013 Mar;24(2):690-1
pubmed: 23524793
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 Nov;135(5):774-9
pubmed: 17071311
J Craniofac Surg. 2005 Jan;16(1):120-2
pubmed: 15699657
Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Jan;2(1):69-72
pubmed: 22442614
J Craniomaxillofac Trauma. 1996 Winter;2(4):31-40
pubmed: 11951447
Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr. 2009 Mar;2(1):27-34
pubmed: 22110794
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 May;65(5):825-39
pubmed: 17448829
Ann Plast Surg. 2008 Apr;60(4):398-403
pubmed: 18362568
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2001 Feb;34(1):101-10
pubmed: 11344065
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Jun;127(6):665-9
pubmed: 11405865
J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2004 Oct;32(5):314-7
pubmed: 15458674
Ann Plast Surg. 2004 Mar;52(3):303-8; discussion 309
pubmed: 15156987
J Craniofac Surg. 2008 Mar;19(2):490-5
pubmed: 18362730
Laryngoscope. 2000 Jun;110(6):1037-44
pubmed: 10852527
Facial Plast Surg. 2005 Aug;21(3):199-206
pubmed: 16307400
Rhinology. 2009 Jun;47(2):136-40
pubmed: 19593968
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 Feb;12(1):46-8
pubmed: 14712121
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Feb;11(1):19-22
pubmed: 14515096
Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2000 Apr-Jun;2(2):124-9
pubmed: 10925438
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 May;123(5):1578-9
pubmed: 19407631
Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg. 2010 Jan-Feb;20(1):13-7
pubmed: 20163332
Laryngoscope. 2006 Sep;116(9):1585-8
pubmed: 16954984
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2012 May;24(2):265-74, ix
pubmed: 22386855