Distribution of nickel and chromium containing particles from tattoo needle wear in humans and its possible impact on allergic reactions.
Animals
Chromium
/ pharmacokinetics
Coloring Agents
/ pharmacokinetics
Humans
Hypersensitivity
/ etiology
In Vitro Techniques
Ink
Lymph Nodes
/ drug effects
Nanoparticles
/ metabolism
Needles
Nickel
/ pharmacokinetics
Particle Size
Skin
/ drug effects
Swine
Tattooing
/ adverse effects
Tissue Distribution
Titanium
/ pharmacokinetics
Allergy
Metallic wear
Nickel
Synchrotron
Tattoo
Titanium dioxide
XRF
Journal
Particle and fibre toxicology
ISSN: 1743-8977
Titre abrégé: Part Fibre Toxicol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101236354
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
27 08 2019
27 08 2019
Historique:
received:
16
05
2019
accepted:
09
08
2019
entrez:
28
8
2019
pubmed:
28
8
2019
medline:
25
2
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Allergic reactions to tattoos are amongst the most common side effects occurring with this permanent deposition of pigments into the dermal skin layer. The characterization of such pigments and their distribution has been investigated in recent decades. The health impact of tattoo equipment on the extensive number of people with inked skin has been the focus of neither research nor medical diagnostics. Although tattoo needles contain high amounts of sensitizing elements like nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr), their influence on metal deposition in skin has never been investigated. Here, we report the deposition of nano- and micrometer sized tattoo needle wear particles in human skin that translocate to lymph nodes. Usually tattoo needles contain nickel (6-8%) and chromium (15-20%) both of which prompt a high rate of sensitization in the general population. As verified in pig skin, wear significantly increased upon tattooing with the suspected abrasive titanium dioxide white when compared to carbon black pigment. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy of the tattoo needle revealed a high wear after tattooing with ink containing titanium dioxide. The investigation of a skin biopsy obtained from a nickel sensitized patient with type IV allergy toward a tattoo showed both wear particles and iron pigments contaminated with nickel. Previously, the virtually inevitable nickel contamination of iron pigments was suspected to be responsible for nickel-driven tattoo allergies. The evidence from our study clearly points to an additional entry of nickel to both skin and lymph nodes originating from tattoo needle wear with an as yet to be assessed impact on tattoo allergy formation and systemic sensitization.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Allergic reactions to tattoos are amongst the most common side effects occurring with this permanent deposition of pigments into the dermal skin layer. The characterization of such pigments and their distribution has been investigated in recent decades. The health impact of tattoo equipment on the extensive number of people with inked skin has been the focus of neither research nor medical diagnostics. Although tattoo needles contain high amounts of sensitizing elements like nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr), their influence on metal deposition in skin has never been investigated.
RESULTS
Here, we report the deposition of nano- and micrometer sized tattoo needle wear particles in human skin that translocate to lymph nodes. Usually tattoo needles contain nickel (6-8%) and chromium (15-20%) both of which prompt a high rate of sensitization in the general population. As verified in pig skin, wear significantly increased upon tattooing with the suspected abrasive titanium dioxide white when compared to carbon black pigment. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy of the tattoo needle revealed a high wear after tattooing with ink containing titanium dioxide. The investigation of a skin biopsy obtained from a nickel sensitized patient with type IV allergy toward a tattoo showed both wear particles and iron pigments contaminated with nickel.
CONCLUSION
Previously, the virtually inevitable nickel contamination of iron pigments was suspected to be responsible for nickel-driven tattoo allergies. The evidence from our study clearly points to an additional entry of nickel to both skin and lymph nodes originating from tattoo needle wear with an as yet to be assessed impact on tattoo allergy formation and systemic sensitization.
Identifiants
pubmed: 31451117
doi: 10.1186/s12989-019-0317-1
pii: 10.1186/s12989-019-0317-1
pmc: PMC6710876
doi:
Substances chimiques
Coloring Agents
0
Chromium
0R0008Q3JB
titanium dioxide
15FIX9V2JP
Nickel
7OV03QG267
Titanium
D1JT611TNE
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
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