Sex Matters: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Sex- and Gender-Related Neuroanatomical Differences in Cis- and Transgender Individuals Using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
gender identity
gender incongruence
multivariate pattern analysis
sex differences
structural magnetic resonance imaging
Journal
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
ISSN: 1460-2199
Titre abrégé: Cereb Cortex
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9110718
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
14 03 2020
14 03 2020
Historique:
received:
27
02
2019
revised:
28
06
2019
accepted:
28
06
2019
pubmed:
2
8
2019
medline:
10
6
2021
entrez:
2
8
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Univariate analyses of structural neuroimaging data have produced heterogeneous results regarding anatomical sex- and gender-related differences. The current study aimed at delineating and cross-validating brain volumetric surrogates of sex and gender by comparing the structural magnetic resonance imaging data of cis- and transgender subjects using multivariate pattern analysis. Gray matter (GM) tissue maps of 29 transgender men, 23 transgender women, 35 cisgender women, and 34 cisgender men were created using voxel-based morphometry and analyzed using support vector classification. Generalizability of the models was estimated using repeated nested cross-validation. For external validation, significant models were applied to hormone-treated transgender subjects (n = 32) and individuals diagnosed with depression (n = 27). Sex was identified with a balanced accuracy (BAC) of 82.6% (false discovery rate [pFDR] < 0.001) in cisgender, but only with 67.5% (pFDR = 0.04) in transgender participants indicating differences in the neuroanatomical patterns associated with sex in transgender despite the major effect of sex on GM volume irrespective of the self-identification as a woman or man. Gender identity and gender incongruence could not be reliably identified (all pFDR > 0.05). The neuroanatomical signature of sex in cisgender did not interact with depressive features (BAC = 74.7%) but was affected by hormone therapy when applied in transgender women (P < 0.001).
Identifiants
pubmed: 31368487
pii: 5542405
doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhz170
pmc: PMC7132951
mid: EMS85905
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1345-1356Subventions
Organisme : Austrian Science Fund FWF
ID : KLI 504
Pays : Austria
Organisme : Austrian Science Fund FWF
ID : P 23021
Pays : Austria
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press.
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