The Fraction of Rhinovirus Detections Attributable to Mild and Severe Respiratory Illness in a Setting of High Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence, South Africa, 2013-2015.
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Child
Child, Preschool
HIV Infections
/ epidemiology
Humans
Infant
Influenza, Human
/ epidemiology
Inpatients
Middle Aged
Outpatients
Picornaviridae Infections
/ epidemiology
Prospective Studies
Respiratory Tract Infections
/ epidemiology
Rhinovirus
/ isolation & purification
South Africa
/ epidemiology
Young Adult
attributable fraction
influenza-like illness
rhinovirus
severe respiratory illness
Journal
The Journal of infectious diseases
ISSN: 1537-6613
Titre abrégé: J Infect Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0413675
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 05 2019
05 05 2019
Historique:
received:
21
08
2018
accepted:
20
12
2018
pubmed:
28
12
2018
medline:
17
3
2020
entrez:
28
12
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The association of rhinovirus (RV) detection to illness is poorly understood. We enrolled case patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness (SRI) at 2 hospitals and outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and asymptomatic individuals (controls) from 2 affiliated clinics during 2013-2015. We compared the RV prevalence among ILI and SRI cases to those of controls stratified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus using penalized logistic regression. The attributable fraction (AF) was calculated. During 2013-2015, RV was detected in 17.4% (368/2120), 26.8% (979/3654), and 23.0% (1003/4360) of controls, ILI cases, and SRI cases, respectively. The RV AF (95% confidence interval) was statistically significant among children aged <5 years (ILI: 44.6% [30.7%-55.7%] and SRI: 50.3% [38.6%-59.9%]; P < .001) and individuals aged ≥5 years (ILI: 62.9% [54.4%-69.8%] and SRI: 51.3% [38.7%-61.3%]; P < .001) as well as among HIV-infected (ILI: 59.9% [45.8%-70.3%] and SRI: 39.8% [22.3%-53.3%]; P < .001) and HIV-uninfected (ILI: 53.6% [44.7%-61.1%] and SRI: 55.3% [45.6%-63.2%]; P < .001) individuals. Although RV detection was common among controls, it was also associated with a substantial proportion of clinical illness across age groups, irrespective of HIV status.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
The association of rhinovirus (RV) detection to illness is poorly understood.
METHODS
We enrolled case patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness (SRI) at 2 hospitals and outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and asymptomatic individuals (controls) from 2 affiliated clinics during 2013-2015. We compared the RV prevalence among ILI and SRI cases to those of controls stratified by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus using penalized logistic regression. The attributable fraction (AF) was calculated.
RESULTS
During 2013-2015, RV was detected in 17.4% (368/2120), 26.8% (979/3654), and 23.0% (1003/4360) of controls, ILI cases, and SRI cases, respectively. The RV AF (95% confidence interval) was statistically significant among children aged <5 years (ILI: 44.6% [30.7%-55.7%] and SRI: 50.3% [38.6%-59.9%]; P < .001) and individuals aged ≥5 years (ILI: 62.9% [54.4%-69.8%] and SRI: 51.3% [38.7%-61.3%]; P < .001) as well as among HIV-infected (ILI: 59.9% [45.8%-70.3%] and SRI: 39.8% [22.3%-53.3%]; P < .001) and HIV-uninfected (ILI: 53.6% [44.7%-61.1%] and SRI: 55.3% [45.6%-63.2%]; P < .001) individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
Although RV detection was common among controls, it was also associated with a substantial proportion of clinical illness across age groups, irrespective of HIV status.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30590585
pii: 5257995
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy725
pmc: PMC7804373
mid: NIHMS1659071
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1697-1704Subventions
Organisme : NCIRD CDC HHS
ID : U01 IP001048
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCIRD CDC HHS
ID : U51 IP000155
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCIRD CDC HHS
ID : U51 IP000528
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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