Characterization of the Genital Mucosa Immune Profile to Distinguish Phases of the Menstrual Cycle: Implications for HIV Susceptibility.
Genital inflammation
HIV
immune activation
menstrual cycle
Journal
The Journal of infectious diseases
ISSN: 1537-6613
Titre abrégé: J Infect Dis
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0413675
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
23 02 2019
23 02 2019
Historique:
received:
17
04
2018
accepted:
23
10
2018
pubmed:
2
11
2018
medline:
9
1
2020
entrez:
2
11
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Inflammation and immune activation are key factors in sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We sought to define the impact of hormonal cycling on the mucosal immune environment and HIV risk in sex workers with a natural menstrual cycle. We compared soluble mucosal immune factors and cervical mononuclear cells during hormone titer-defined phases of the menstrual cycle among 37 sex workers from Nairobi, Kenya. Systemic and mucosal samples were collected 14 days apart to distinguish the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and phases were confirmed by hormone measurements. Vaginal concentrations of 19 immune modulators and cervical T-cell activation markers were measured. The follicular phase signature was characterized by an elevated CCL2 level, decreased interleukin 1α and interleukin 1β cervical concentrations, and a significant increase in the proportion of CD4+ T cells that expressed CD69. The genital concentration of CCL2 was the best marker to distinguish the follicular from the luteal phase in univariate and multivariate analyses and remained independent of elevated genital inflammation and bacterial vaginosis. The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle was associated with an elevated CCL2 level and retention of resident memory CD4+ T cells, which has implications for increased susceptibility to HIV infection.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Inflammation and immune activation are key factors in sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We sought to define the impact of hormonal cycling on the mucosal immune environment and HIV risk in sex workers with a natural menstrual cycle.
METHODS
We compared soluble mucosal immune factors and cervical mononuclear cells during hormone titer-defined phases of the menstrual cycle among 37 sex workers from Nairobi, Kenya. Systemic and mucosal samples were collected 14 days apart to distinguish the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and phases were confirmed by hormone measurements. Vaginal concentrations of 19 immune modulators and cervical T-cell activation markers were measured.
RESULTS
The follicular phase signature was characterized by an elevated CCL2 level, decreased interleukin 1α and interleukin 1β cervical concentrations, and a significant increase in the proportion of CD4+ T cells that expressed CD69. The genital concentration of CCL2 was the best marker to distinguish the follicular from the luteal phase in univariate and multivariate analyses and remained independent of elevated genital inflammation and bacterial vaginosis.
CONCLUSION
The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle was associated with an elevated CCL2 level and retention of resident memory CD4+ T cells, which has implications for increased susceptibility to HIV infection.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30383238
pii: 5151356
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy585
pmc: PMC6386813
doi:
Substances chimiques
Biomarkers
0
Chemokine CCL2
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
856-866Subventions
Organisme : CIHR
ID : MOP 86721
Pays : Canada
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
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